Palpares turcicus Kocak, 1976 – new name for Iranian fauna and its place in the P. libelluloides species group (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

V. Krivokhatsky, A. Hajiesmailian, A. Mirmoayedi, G. Khabiev, R. Dobosz and M. Ostroverkhova

Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 2017, 321(4): 377–402 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2017.321.4.377

Full text

Abstract

We have determined in the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection collection of two closely related species: Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764) and P. turcicus Kocak, 1976 from Iranian provinces of Azarbayjan Sharghi, Kermanshah, Fars, Tehran, Kordestan, Markazi, Zanjan, and Lorestan, which are never recorded together in the same biotopes. New records of P. turcicus and other species of P. libelluloides species group from the countries of Transcaucasia, Asia, and Africa are presented based on the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN). In the P. libelluloides species group, P. libelluloides is characterized by yellow abdomen with brown longitudinal lines. Abdominal pattern of P. hispanus Hagen, 1860, P. aeshnoides (Illiger, 1807) and P. turcicus is represented by brown rings on each segment, but these species can be easily differentiated from each other by size. The widely-allopatric species P. geniculatus Navas, 1912 and P. speciosus (Linnaeus, 1758) are characterized by entirely yellow abdomen without brownish pattern. The latter two species have mainly Afro-subtropical distribution, whereas other species of the group are West Palaearctic, mostly Ancient-Mediterranean species. The traditional name Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764) is proposed to include into the List of Available Names in Zoology in accordance with the Article 79 of ICZN. This species is considered as P. libelluloides sensu stricto; its confirmed synonyms are Myrmeleon nordmanni Kolenati, 1846 (an immature form), and var. nigriventris A. Costa, 1855 and var. nigripes Navas, 1912 (melanistic specimens), which do not form natural populations. The neotype of Myrmeleon aeshnoides Illiger in Rossi, 1807 (Jerusalem, Romanov’s collection, ZIN), and the neotype of Hemerobius speciosus Linnaeus, 1758 (the collection of the Linnaean Society of London, № 2352) are designated.

Key words

ant lions, distribution, key for species, Palpares libelluloides species group, systematics

Submitted March 30, 2017 · Accepted September 1, 2017 · Published December 25, 2017

References

Ábrahám L. 2012. “On the other hand, what is this Eastern aeschnoides?” (Morton 1926) – an undescribed Palpares species from the Eastern Mediterranean (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Natura Somogyiensis, 22: 65–102.

Aspöck H., Aspöck U. and Hölzel H. 1980. Die Neuropteren Europas. Krefeld: Joecke et Evers. Bd. 1: 1–495; Bd. 2: 1–355.

Aspöck H., Hölzel H. and Aspöck U. 2001. Kommentierter katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpaläarktis. Denisia, 2: 1–606.

Aspöck U. and Aspöck H. 2003. Neuro-pterida (Neuro pteroidea, Neuroptera sensu lato). In: H.H. Dathe (Ed.). Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologic Band 1: Wirbellose Tiere Teil 5: Insecta, Berlin: 540–584.

Banks N. 1911. Notes on African Myrmeleonidae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4(1): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/4.1.1

Banks N. 1913. The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6: 171–191+ 4 pl. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/6.2.171

Blanchard Ch.E. 1840. Famille Myrmeleoniens. In: P. Duméril Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, 3. Orthoptères, Névroptères, Hémiptères, Hyménoptères, Lépidoptères, et Diptères. Paris: 64–73. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59226

Blanchard Ch.E. 1845. Histoire des insectes, traitant de leurs moeurs et de leurs metamorphoses en general et comprenant une nouvelle classification fondée sur leurs rapports naturels. Firmin Didot Frères, Paris, 524 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66028

Brauer F. 1854. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des inneren Baues und der Verwandlung der Neuropteren (Ascalaphus macaronius Scop., Myrmeleon tetragrammicus Pallas, Fabr., Burm.). Verhandlungen der Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft Vereins in Wien, 1852 (1854), 4: 463–472 (separate: 1–9).

Brauer F. 1857. Neuroptera Austriaca (unter Mitarbeitung von F. Löw). Wien, p. 1–80, XXIII s.

Brauer F. 1876. Die Neuropteren Europas und insbesondere Oesterreichs mit Rücksicht auf ihre geographische Verbreitung. Kritisch zusammengestellt. Festschrift zur Feier des fünfundzwanzigährigen Bestehen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft, Wien: 263–300.

Burmeister H.C.C. 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung. Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). – Theod. Chr. Friedr. Enslin, Berlin, p. i–xii + 757–1050.

Charpentier T. 1825. Horae entomologicae, adjectis tabulis novem coloratis. Wratislaviae: I–XVI + 1–255. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5530

Chenu J.C. and Desmarest E. 1859. Encyclopedie d’Histoire naturelle ou Traité complet de Cette Science d’après les Travaux des Naturalistes les plus eminents de tous les pays et de toutes les époques – Buffon, Daubenton, Lavepede, G., Cuvier, F. Cuvier, Geoffroy Sainte-Hilaire, Latreille, de Jussieu, Brongniart etc., etc. Anneles. T. 7, p. 6. Maresco et Compagnie, Paris, 312 + 68 p. + 32 pl. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3539

Costa A. 1855. Famiglia de’ Formicaleonidei – Myrmeleontidea. Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo regno e le acque che le bagnano e descrizione de’ nuovi o poco esattamente conosciuti con figure ricavate da originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Nevrotteri, Napoli, 20 p.

Costa A. 1863. Nuovi studii sulla entomologia della Calabria ulteriore. Atti dell’Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematische (Napoli), 1(2): 1–80. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34236

Dalman J.W. 1823. Analecta Entomologica. Typis Lindhianis, Holmiae, vii + 104 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66069

De Geer C. 1773. Memoires pour servir a l’Histoire des Insectes. Vol. 3. P. Hesselberg, Stockholm, 696 p. Text in French. – Notes: Neuropterida parts: Des Hémerobes exotiques: 559–563; Des Fourmilions exotiques: 564–566.

Devetak D. 1992. Present knowledge of the Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Neuroptera of Yugoslavia (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). In: Current Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Bagneres-de-Luchon, France: 107–118.

Drury D. 1770. Illustrations of Natural History wherein are exhibited upwards of two hundred and forty figures of exotic insects interspersed with remarks and reflections on the nature and properties of many of them. Vol. 1. London, 130 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61910

Drury D. 1837. Illustrations of exotic entomology. Vol. 1–3. Illustrations of exotic entomology, containing upwards of six hundred and fifty figures and descriptions of foreign insects, interspersed with remarks and reflections on their nature and properties. By Dru Drury. A new edition, brought down to the present state of the science, with the systematic characters of each species, synonyms, indexed, and other additional matter. By J.O. Westwood. Vol. 3. H.G. Bohn, London. (Pages are unknown). https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12137

Ehrenberger F.J. 1836. Dissertatio inauguralis zoologica de Neuropterorum anatomia et phisio-biologia. J.H. Pospjsil, Pragae, 21 p.

Esben-Petersen P. 1913a. Notes concerning Neuroptera from Caucasus. Proceedings of the Caucasian Museu, Tiflis, 7: 287–294.

Esben-Petersen P. 1913b. H. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute. Planipennia II. Megaloptera and Mecoptera. Entomologische Mitteilungen, 2(7/8): 222–228, 257–265.

Esben-Petersen P. 1918 (1918–1919). Help–notes towards the determination and the classification of the European Myrmeleonidae. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 12: 97–127.

Esben-Petersen P. 1933 (1932). Notizen zur Neuroptern und Mecopterenfauna Kleinasiens. Konowia, 11(2): 163–167.

Fabricius J.Ch. 1775. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Korte, Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae, 30 + 1–832 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510

Fabricius J.Ch. 1781. Species insectorum exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibus, descriptionibus. T. 1. Hamburgi et Kilonii, 552 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36509

Fabricius J.Ch. 1787. Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adjectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Hafniae, Profi, l: 1–348. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11657

Fabricius J.Ch. 1793. Entomología systematica eméndala et aucta secundum classes, ordines, gênera, species adjectis synonimis, locus observationibus, descriptionibus. Hafniae, Proft et Storch, 2: 1–520. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.125869

Hagen H. 1845. Die Neuroptera der Linnéischen Sammlung. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 6: 155–156.

Hagen H. 1858. Russlands Neuroptera. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 19: 110–134.

Hagen H. 1860. Neuroptera Neapolitana von A. Costa, nebst Synopsis der Ascalaphen Europas. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 21: 38–56.

Hagen H. 1866a. Hemerobidarum Synopsis synonymica. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 27: 369–462.

Hagen H. 1866b. Die Neuropteren Spaniens nach Ed. Pictet‘s Synopsis des Neuropterès d‘Espagne. Genève 1865. 8 tables, 14 color Plates und Dr. Staudingers Mitteilungen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 27: 281–102.

Hagen H. 1873a. Die Larven von Myrmeleon. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34: 249–295, 377–398.

Hölzel H. 1972. Die Neuropteren Vorderasiens. IV. Myrmeleonidae. Beiträge zur naturkundlichen Forschung Suedwestdeutsch, 37: 3–103.

Illiger (in Rossi). 1790. See: Rossi P. 1790.

ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Forth edition). International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. UK, The Natural History Museum, 223 p.

Jomard E.F. [Hrsg.]. 1809. Description de l’Egypte: ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l’expédition de l’armée française, publié par les ordres de Sa Majesté l’Empereur Napoléon le Grand (Band 5, 1, 1: Texte 1): Histoire naturelle – Paris: 195.

Klapálek F. 1900. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trichoptera- und Neuropteren-Fauna von Bosnien und Hercegovina. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen Bosnien Hercegovina, 7(111): 671–682.

Klapálek F. 1906. Algunos Mirmeleуnidos y Ascaláfidos de Persia y Siria recogidos por el Sr. Martínez de la Escalera. Boletín de la (Real) Sociedad Espaсola de Historia Natural (Madrid), 6: 94–95 (95–96).

Klug J.C.F. 1834 (1829–1845). Symbolae physicae, seu icones et descriptiones Insectorum, quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem F.G. Hemprich et C.G. Ehrenberg studio novae aut illustratae redierunt. Bd. 4. Berlin, pl. 35, 36.

Koçak A.Ö. 1976. A new subspecies of Myrmeleonidae (Neuroptera) from Turkey. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 25: 97–100. [In German].

Koçak A.Ö., Seven S. and Hoseinpour Y. 1995. On the taxonomic position of Palpares hispanus turcicus Koçak (Planipennia, Myrmeleontide). Centre for Entomological Studies, Miscellaneous Papers, 25: 5–7.

Kolbe H.J. 1884. Neuroptera aus Marocco, gesammelt von Herrn Prem. Lieut. M. Quedenfeldt. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 38(1): 132–136.

Kolenati F.A. 1846. Myrmeleon. Meletemata Entomolуgica. Fasc. V. Insecta Caucasi. Typis Imperialis Academiae Scientiarum, Petropoli: 115–118.

Kovalev O.V. 1995. Co-evolution of the Tamarisks (Tamaricaceae) and pest Arthropods (Insecta: Acarina), with special reference to biological control prospects. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute. St. Petersburg, 259: 1–109.

Kozhanchikov I.V. 1958. Lacewings – Neuroptera. In: E.N. Pavlovsky, B.S. Vinogradov (Eds.). Animal kingdom of the USSR. Vol. 5. Mountain zones of the European part of the USSR. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow–Leningrad: 378–384.

Krivokhatsky V.A. 1998. Zoogeography of antlions of Palaearctic (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). In: Meetings in memory of N.A. Cholodkovsky, 1–90. [In Russian].

Krivokhatsky V.A. 2003. To the nomenclature of some Palaearctic antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 82(1): 229–230 [In Russian, translated into English in: Entomological Review, 2003, 83(3): 300].

Krivokhatsky V.A. 2005. Review. L. Stange. A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. Volume 74. Gainesville, FL. 2004. 565 p. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 84(2): 471–474. [In Russian, translated into English in: Entomological Review, 2005, 85(4): 461–464].

Krivokhatsky V.A. 2011. Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Russia. Keys to the fauna of Russia published by the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Issue 174. KMK Scientific Press Ltd. St. Petersburg–Moscow, 334 + 39 p. [In Russian].

Latreille P.A. 1802. Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere de Crustaces et des Insectes. Vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart, Paris, 467 p.

Latreille P.A. 1807. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Vol. 3. Parisiis and Argentorati, 258 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65741

Letardi A. 2002. Banche dati in rete: l’esempiodei Neurotteri (Insecta Neuropterida). Atti XIX Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia Catania 10–15 giugno 2002. Catania: 225–229.

Letardi A. 2004a. Antlion ante Linnè (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae): the eye of the Lynx over the antilions. Denisia. Entomology und Parasitologie. Festschrift zum, 13: 197–200.

Letardi A. 2004b. I fermicaleoni (Insecta Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) delle Aree Costiere Italiane. Atti dei Convegni Lincei, 205: 293–298.

Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema natura per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th Edition]. Tomus I [=Vol. 1]. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542

Linnaeus C. 1764. Systema natura per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 13 Edition. T. 1. 532 p.

Linnaeus C. 1767. Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae. Tom. I. Pars II. Editio duodecima reformata. Holmiae, Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, [2]+ 533–1328 + [36] p.

[Linnaeus C. ] Gmelin J.F. 1788. Caroli a Linné, Equitis aurati de stella polari, Archiatri Regii, Med. et Botan. Profess. Upsal. Acad. Paris. Upsal. Holm. Petropol. Berolin. Imper. Londin. Angl. Monsp. Tolos. Florent. Edinb. Bern. Soc. Systema Natura per Regna Tria Naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.Tomus I. Editio decima tertia, aucta, formata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin, Philos. et Med. Doctor. hijus et Chem. in Georgia Augusta Prof. P.O. Acad. Caesar. Naturae Curiosorum and Electoral. Moguntin. Erfordensis, nec non Societ. Reg. Scient. Goettinggensis, Physicae Tigurin., et Metallicae Membri. Lipsiae, 1788. Impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer, [12] + 1032 p.

Mansell M.W. 1992. Key characters in the phylogeny and classification of Palparini (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). In: M. Canard, H. Aspöck, M.W. Mansell (Eds.). Current Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology (Bagneres-de-Luchon, France, 1991): 243-254.

McLachlan R. 1868. New Genera and Species Neuropterous Insects; and a revision of Mr. F. Walker’s British Museum Catalogue of Neuroptera, Part II (1853), as far as the end of the genus Myrmeleon. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 9: 230–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1867.tb00195.x

McLachlan R. 1873. Notes sur les Myrmeleonides decrits par M. le Dr. Rambur. Annales de la Sociètè Entomologique de Belgique, 16: 127–141. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22122

McLachlan R. 1898a. On Neuroptera collected by Mr. Malcom Burr in Wallachia, Bosnia, Hercegovina & c., in July and August, 1898. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 34: 248–249.

McLachlan R. 1898b. Neuroptera-Planipennia collected in Algeria by the Rev. A.E. Eaton. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 151–168.

Mirmoayedi A. 2002. New records of Neuroptera from Iran. In: G. Sziráki (Ed.). Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Neuropterology (6–9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae, 48(2): 197–201.

Mirmoayedi A. 2006. New research of some of Iranian antlions (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, 2(1): 47–55.

MirMoayedi A., Krivokhatsky V.A. and Dobosz R. 2015. Annotated check-list of the antlions of Iran (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Acta Entomologica Silesiana, 23 (online 025): 1–16.

Mirmoayedi A., Zakharenko A.V., Krivokhatsky V.A. and Yassayie A. 1999. To the fauna of lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) of the National Park and the Kermanshah Province (Iran). Bulletin of the Kharkov entomological society, 1998, 6(2): 53–56. [In Russian].

Mocsáry S. 1899. Magyarorszag Neuropterai. Rovartanai Lapok, 7: 31–34.

Monserrat V. 1985. Lista de los tipos de Mecoptera y Neuroptera (Insecta) de la collection L. Navás, depositados en el Museo de Zoologia de Barcelona. Miscellaneous Zoology, 9: 233–243.

Navás L. 1900. Notas entomolуgicas. III. Neurуpteros del Montseny (Barcelona). Actas de la Sociedad Espaсola de Historia Natural, 29[=(2)9]: 92–96.

Navás L. 1902. Una excursió cienthifica a la Serra Nevada. VII. Resultat de l’excursió. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 2: 100–105.

Navás L. 1904. Notas neuropterolуgicas. V. Myrmeleonidos de España. Butlletíde la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 3-4: 6–10, 19–25.

Navás L. 1906a. Catalogo descriptivo de los insectos Neurуpteros de las Islas Canarias. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 4: 687–706.

Navás L. 1906b. Notas entomolуgicas. XIII. Sobre una pequeсa colecciуn de Neurуpteros de Italia, reunida por el profesor Felipe Silvestri, de Portici. Boletin de la [Real] Sociedad Espaсola de Historia Natural, 6: 101–102.

Navás L. 1907. Neurуpteros de Espaсa y Portugal [part 2]. Brotйria (Zoolуgica), 6: 43–100.

Navás L. 1910. Algunos neurуpteros del Museo de Madrid. Asociaciуn Espaсola para el Progreso de las Ciencias, Congreso de Valencia (held 1910): 1–7.

Navás L. 1911. Notes sur quelques Nevropteres. I. Insecta, Rennes, 1: 239–246.

Navás L. 1912a. Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München. II. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 3: 20–26.

Navás L. 1912b. Insectos neurуpteros nuevos o poco conocidos. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona (3), 10(9): 135–202.

Navás L. 1912c. Myrmeleonides (Ins. Nevr.) nouveaux ou peu connus. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 36(pt. 2): 203–248.

Navás L. 1913a. Algunos Neurуpteros de Marruecos. Memorias de la [Real] Sociedad Espaсola de Historia Natural, 8: 111–122.

Navás L. 1913b. Biologische beobachtungen. Entomologische Mitteilungen, 2: 81–87.

Navás L. 1913c. Congreso IX de Zoologie de Monaco. Razуn y Fe: 1–5.

Navás L. 1913d. Les Nevropteres. Annales d’Histoire Naturelle, Dйlйgation en Perse, 1912, 2: 13–16.

Navás L. 1913e. Notas entomolуgicas. [2.a serie.] 4. Excursiones por los alrededores de Zaragoza. Boletнn de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 12: 61–69, 75–77.

Navás L. 1913f. Notas entomolуgicas. [2.a serie.] 5. Cuatro pequeсas colecciones de Neurуpteros de la peninsula Iberica. Boletнn de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 12: 77–89.

Navás L. 1914. Materiali per una fauna dell’arcipelago Toscano. IX. Algunos Neurуpteros de la Isla del Giglio. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 1913–1915, 46: 276–278.

Navás L. 1915a. Les Myrmeleonides d’Europe [et des contrées limitrophes. I, II.] (Ins. Nevropt.). Insecta, Rennes, 5: 57–62 (I), 119–127 (II).

Navás L. 1915b. Mirmeleуnidos (Ins. Neur.) de Europa. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 13: 602–635.

Navás L. 1915c. Notas entomolуgicas. 2.a serie. 12 [as 11]. Excursiones por Cataluсa, Julio de 1914. Boletín de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 14: 27–32, 35–59, 67–80.

Navás L. 1916. Excursions entomologiques al nort de la provincia de Lleida. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 16(1): 150–158.

Navás L. 1924a. Algunos insectos del Museo de Paris. 2.a serie [IIa]. Brotйria (Zoolуgica), 21: 99–114.

Navás L. 1924b. Nevropteres d’Afrique. Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles, 43(1): 375–380.

Navás L. 1926. Insecta orientalia. IV series. Memorie dell’Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome, 9(2): 111–120.

Navás L. 1927. Insectos del Museo de Paris. 4.a serie. Broteria (Zoolуgica), 24: 5–33.

Navás L. 1932. Insecta orientalia. IX series. Memorie dell’Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome, 16(2): 913–919.

Olivier M. 1811. Encyclopédie Methodique: Histoire Naturelle: Insects. T. 8: 115–128.

Oswald J.D. and Penny N.D. 1991. Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the World. Occasional papers Californian Academy Sciences, 147: 1–94. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428

Pallas P.S. 1781 (1788). Voyages de M.P.S. Pallas, en differentes provinces de l’Empire de Russie, et dans l’Asie septentrionale; Traduits de l’allemand par M. Gauthier de la Peyronie, Commis des Affaires Etrangères, Paris. T. 1: 773 p.

Pantaleoni R.A. 1999. Neuropterida described by A. Costa with type designation. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin (N.F.), 46: 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800460211

Petiver J. 1702. Gazophylacii naturae et artes decades 10. London: Bateman 6: 111, figure 1.

Pictet A.E. 1865. Synopsis des Nevropteres d’Espagne. H. Georg, and Paris: J.B. Balliere et F. Savy, Geneva, 123 p.

Rambur M.P. 1842. Histoire Naturelle des Insects. Nevropteres. Paris, 534 p.

Rösel von Rosenhof A.J. 1755. Der monatlich-herausgegebenen Insecten-Belustigung Dritter Teil worinnen ausser verschiedenen, zu den in den beeden ersten Theilen enthaltenen Classen, gehoerigen Insecten, auch mancherley Arten von acht neuen Classen nach ihrem Ursprung, Verwandlung und anderen wunderbaren Eigenschafften, aus eigener Erfahrung beschrieben, und in sauber illuminirten Kupfern, nach dem Leben abgebildet vorgestellet werden. J.J. Fleischmann, Nürnberg, 624 S.

Rösel von J.A. and Kleemann C.F.C. 1764–1768. De natuurlyke historie der insecten; voorzien met naar 't leven getekende en gekoleurde plaaten. Volgens eigen ondervinding beschreeven, door den Heer August Johan Rösel, van Rosenhof, miniatuur-schilder. Met zeer nutte en fraaie aanmerkingen verrykt, door den Heer C.F.C. Kleemann. Haarlem en Amsterdam By C.H. Bohnen H. de Wit, boekverkoopers, 220 S.

Rossi P. 1790. Fauna Etrusca sistens insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petrus Rossius. Tomus secundus (primus sic). 1’. Liburni: Thomae Masi and Sociorum, 348 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15771

Rossi P. 1807. Favna Etrvsca sistens insecta qvae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petrvs Rossivs in regio pisano athenaeo pvbl. Prof. Et. Soc. Ital. Intervm édita et annotatis perpevis avcta a D. Carolo Illiger. Tomvs secvndvs. Helmstadii: C.G. Flekeisen, 1: iv + 1–511.

Savigny M.J.C.L. de. 1809 (1809–1813). Description de l’Egypte. 50 plates with figures of insects. Notes: Neuropterida parts: (1) nemopterid figure, pl. 2, fig. 14.

Schneider W.G. 1845a. Verzeichniss der von Hrn. Prof. Dr. Loew im Sommer 1842 in der Türkei und Kleinasien gesammelten Neuroptera, nebst kurzer Beschreibung der neuen Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 5: 153–155.

Schneider W.G. 1845b. Verzeichniss der von Herrn Oberlehrer Zeller im jahre 1844 in Sicilien und Italien gesammelten Neuroptera, mit beschreibung einiger neuen arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 6: 338–346.

Stange L.A. 2004. A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74: 1–565.

Stein J.Ph.E.F. 1863. Beitrag zur Neuropteren-fauna Griechenlands (mit Berücksichtigung dalmatinischer Arten). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 2(7): 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.47918630310

Steinmann H. 1967. Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera es Mecoptera. Fauna Hungaricae, 31: 1–203.

Villers Ch.J. de. 1789. Caroli Linnaei entomologia, faunae Sueciae descriptionibus aucta; D.D. Scopoli, Geoffroy, De Geer, Fabricii, Schrauch etc. Speciebus vel in Systemate nou enumeratis, vel nuperrime detectis, vel speciebus Galliae australis locupletata, generum specierumque variorum iconibus ornata, curante et augente Carolo de Villers. 3. Lugdumi, 657 p.

Walker F. 1853. List [Catalogue] of the specimens of Neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. – (Sialides – Nemopterides). British Museum [Natural History], London: 193–476.

Westwood J.O. 1837. Illustrations of exotic entomology. Vol. 1–3. In: D. Drury 1837. Illustrations of exotic entomology, containing upwards of six hundred and fifty figures and descriptions of foreign insects, interspersed with remarks and reflections on their nature and properties by Drury. A new edition, brought down to the present state of the science, with the systematic characters of each species, synonyms, indexes, and other additional matter by J.O. Westwood. Vol. 1. H.G. Bohn, London. 2–123; 3: 1–94.

Whittington A.E. 2002. Resources in Scottish Neuroptology. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 48(2): 371–387. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014068010776