Таксономия Lonchodectidae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea)

А.О. Аверьянов

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2020, 324(1): 41–55 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2020.324.1.41

Резюме

Семейство птеродактилоидов Lonchodectidae включает три рода, Lonchodectes Hooley, 1914, Lonchodraco Rodrigues et Kellner, 2013 и Ikrandraco Wang et al., 2014, и четыре вида, Lonchodectes compressirostris (Owen, 1851), Lonchodraco giganteus (Bowerbank, 1846), Ikrandraco avatar Wang et al., 2014 и Ikrandraco machaerorhynchus (Seeley, 1870) comb. nov. [=Ornithocheirus microdon Seeley, 1870 syn. nov.]. Голотип Lonchodectes compressirostris (NHMUK PV 39410) состоит из двух фрагментов передней части ростра, а не из фрагментов нижней челюсти и ростра, как предполагалось ранее. Различия между Lonchodectes и Ikrandraco не ясны и оба таксона могут оказаться синонимами. Диагностичными признаками семейства Lonchodectidae являются присутствие нёбного гребня, приподнятые альвеолярные края верхних и нижних челюстей, маленькие зубы, которые не варьируют по размерам, и выступающий мандибулярный гребень (неизвестен для Lonchodectes). Семейство включает таксоны с длинным и низким ростром и выступающим мандибулярным гребнем (Ikrandraco и, возможно, Lonchodectes), или с обоими премаксиллярным и мандибулярным гребнями (Lonchodraco). По данным разных филогенетических исследований, Lonchodectidae помещаются среди Ornithocheiroidea, часто как сестринский таксон к Anhangueria. Семейство известно из середины мела (альб-турон) Англии (Lonchodectes compressirostris, Lonchodraco giganteus, Ikrandracomachaerorhynchus), раннего мела (апт) Китая (Ikrandraco avatar) и позднего мела Европейской России (Lonchodraco (?) sp.). Рассмотрены также другие предполагаемые находки Lonchodectidae из раннего мела Англии (Serradraco sagittirostris (Owen, 1874), BEXHM 2015.18 и Palaeornis cliftii Mantell, 1844), Испании (Prejanopterus curvirostris Fuentes Vidarte et Meijide Calvo, 2010) и Бразилии (Unwindia trigonus Martill, 2011). Ни одна из этих находок не может быть отнесена к данному семейству.

Ключевые слова

меловой период, Lonchodectidae, Pterosauria, таксономия

Поступила в редакцию 27 января 2020 г. · Принята в печать 3 февраля 2020 г. · Опубликована 24 марта 2020 г.

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