Physiology and ecology of Calliphora vicina

		*Laboratory of* Experimental Entomology and BioControl Theory Russia, 199034, St.-Petersburg, Zoological Institute. Phone: +7 (812) 714 0442; Fax: +7 (812) 714 0444; E-mail: sreznik@zin.ru

Vinogradova E.B. The blowfly, Calliphora vicina as a model object for the physiological and ecological studies (Proceedings of ZIN RAS, vol. 118). Leningrad, Nauka. 1984. 272 pp. (in Russian)

THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF CALLIPHORA AND OF ITS STAGE DEVELOPMENT

Adult; immature stages: egg, larva, puparium; some characteristics of stage development in Cyclorrhapha and terminology.

Calliphora as a typical representative of the synanthropic flies; distribution; adult feeding; sites of the breeding of larvae and their role in the carcase decomposition; daily dynamics of the adult quantity; seasonal development; temperature reactions.

Larval diapause: diapause induction and maternal influence; diapause cessation; the characteristics of development in some southern populations; endogenous changes of the tendency to diapause in Calliphora strains developing under constant conditions; the diapause inheritance in crosses between intraspecific forms. Adult diapause and its control. Some general regularities in the environmental control of the seasonal development in Calliphora.

Proboscis extension and the feeding position; adult food ingestion and its control; adult salivary glands and their activity mechanism; adult peritrophic membrane and its function; adult digestive enzymes; functional structure of the adult rectal papillae and the mechanism of their activity; larval feeding and digestive enzymes.

General characteristics of excretion process; role of different ions during the process of excretion; mechanism of the Malpighian tubes activity.

Physiology of the adult heart activity. Larval haemocytes and their function. Biochemical composition of the haemolymph in larva and adult.

The main carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; fat body and its role in the metabolism in larva, pupa and adult; tyrosin metabolism and its significance in the puparial cuticle sclerotization.

Functional morphology of the larval endocrine system; hormonal control of the metamorphosis; molting hormone ecdysone [metabolism, dynamics of the content, biological and morphogenetic effects; hormonal control of the nuclein synthesis and mechanism of the ecdysone action; use of the Calliphora larvae for the biological ecdysone test]; imaginal ecdysis and its hormonal control.

Neurosecretory cells; hormonal control of the maturation, excretion, carbohydrate content in haemolymph and intestinal proteinase activity.

Physiology of the neuro-muscular systems of the larva; physiology of the neuro-muscular system of adult [functional organization of the muscular system; physiology and energetics of flight].

Mechanoreception of the adult; adult chemoreception (distant and contact chemoreceptors); adult photoreception [functional organization of the visual system; physiology of the compound eye and the transformation of information in the visual centers]; sense organs in larva.