ScienceDirect - Biological Control : Effects of Neem-Fed Prey on the Predacious Insects Harmonia conformis (Boisduval) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Mallada signatus (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Biological Control
Volume 22, Issue 2, October 2001, Pages 185-190

Result list | previous < 87 of 166 > next

Font Size:

Abstract - selected

References

Purchase PDF (177 K)

Article Toolbox

E-mail Article

Add to my Quick Links

Bookmark and share in 2collab (opens in new window)

Request permission to reuse this article

Cited By in Scopus (9)

Related Articles in ScienceDirect

Antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities of Ata...
Chemosphere

Antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities of Atalantia monophylla (L) Correa against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Chemosphere, Volume 75, Issue 3, April 2009, Pages 355-359
Kathirvelu Baskar, Selvadurai Kingsley, Subramanian Ezhil Vendan, Michael Gabrial Paulraj, Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu

Abstract

Antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Atlantia monophylla leaf were studied against third instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. All the extracts showed feeding deterrent, larvicidal and pupicidal effects in a dose dependent manner. Significant antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities were observed only in hexane extract. The hexane extract was subjected to fractionation using silica gel column chromatography. Twelve fractions were obtained. Ninth fraction showed good antifeedant, larvicidal, pupicidal activities and disrupted adult emergence. LC₅₀ value was at 384.57 ppm for larval mortality. The active fraction at 1000 ppm concentration had 100% pupal mortality.

Purchase PDF (188 K)

Status of biopesticides--Indian scene
Toxicology Letters

Status of biopesticides—Indian scene
Toxicology Letters, Volume 164, Supplement 1, 20 September 2006, Page S40
P.K. Gupta

Purchase PDF (66 K)

Azadirachtin, ecdysteroids and ecdysis in Locusta migra...
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Compara...

Azadirachtin, ecdysteroids and ecdysis in Locusta migratoria
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, Volume 85, Issue 2, 1986, Pages 297-301
A.J. Mordue (Luntz), K.A. Evans, M. Charlet

Abstract

1. The injection of azadirachtin into eight-day-old 5th instar nymphs of Locusta migratoria elicits different morphological effects dependent upon the timing of the injection relative to the major haemolymph ecdysteroid peak.

2. Ecdysteroid levels can be drastically reduced, delayed and extended or not significantly affected by azadirachtin treatment dependent upon the timing of injection.

3. Air swallowing to inflate the gut during the moult is significantly impaired in azadirachtin-treated insects resulting in both a reduced rate of inflation and a reduction in total air volume.

4. The significance of azadirachtin treatment to the attainment of a “critical body mass”, the release of eclosion hormone and successful ecdysis is discussed.

Purchase PDF (623 K)

The effect of azadirachtin on the midgut histology of t...
Tissue and Cell

The effect of azadirachtin on the midgut histology of the locusts, Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria
Tissue and Cell, Volume 25, Issue 6, December 1993, Pages 875-884
M. Nasiruddin, A. J. Mordue(Luntz)

Abstract

The effects of azadirachtin on midgut cells of adult Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria were investigated by both light and electron microscopy. Pathological effects were seen in both species which could be related to dose and time after treatment. The midgut cells showed a slow necrosis, a rounding up of the cell and swelling of organelles; the nidi were reduced in size and number, the connective tissue beneath the epidermal layer became enlarged with many invading cells/nuclei and the circular and longitudinal muscles become rounded and swollen. The pathological effects were closely linked to a loss of feeding, with injections of 5, 10 and 15 μg/g azadirachtin causing an increasingly rapid onset of the effects associated with an increasingly reduced food intake. At the highest dose, full histopathological effects were seen at 8 hr and death occurred after 3 days. At 1 μg/g, however, the insects showed midgut disruption and reduced feeding by day 3 post-treatment but both feeding and gut pathology had recovered by day 7. At all times, histopathological effects were different from those in starved insects.

Purchase PDF (1262 K)

Immune-depression in Rhodnius prolixus induced by the g...
Journal of Insect Physiology

Immune-depression in Rhodnius prolixus induced by the growth inhibitor, azadirachtin
Journal of Insect Physiology, Volume 37, Issue 10, 1991, Pages 771-777
Patricia de Azambuja, E.S. Garcia, N.A. Ratcliffe, J. David Warthen Jr

Abstract

Azadirachtin (1.0 μg/ml) if fed to last-instar larvae of Rhodnius prolixus through a blood meal, affects the immune reactivity as shown by (i) a significant reduction in numbers of haemocytes and nodule formation following challenge with Enterobacter cloacae B12 (ii) a reduction in ability to produce antibacterial and lysozyme activities in the haemolymph when inoculated with bacteria, (iii) a decreased ability of azadirachtin-treated insects to destroy the primary infection caused by inoculation of E. cloacae cells. However, the present experiments, unlike other immune reactions, fail to demonstrate any interference of azadirachtin with the prophenoloxidase-activating system since the melanin production was not reduced when this system was stimulated by trypsin or by the presence of bacteria in the haemolymph. It is suggested that the immune response is deficient in the azadirachtin-treated insects. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the general mode of azadirachtin action in insects.

Purchase PDF (740 K)

View More Related Articles

View Record in Scopus

doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.0965

Regular Article

Effects of Neem-Fed Prey on the Predacious Insects Harmonia conformis (Boisduval) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Mallada signatus (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this article.

Baoying Qi, Gordh Gordon ¹ and Walter Gimme ²

Institute of Zoology, College of Biological Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, People's Republic of China

Received 6 December 2000;

accepted 6 May 2001. ;

Available online 12 March 2002.

Abstract

The effects of the exposure of predators indirectly to neem seed extracts was tested by the feeding of Harmonia conformis (Boisduval) adults and Mallada signatus (Schneider) larvae with prey (second-instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae) that had eaten neem oil solution. Results from three treatments (50 and 200 ppm azadirachtin and 50 ppm endosulfan, a pesticide compound) were compared to those of a control, distilled water. We found that 50- and 200-ppm azadirachtin treatments were not toxic to H. conformis adults and M. signatus larvae, but there are some effects on metamorphosis of M. signatus. The effect on the number of second-instar H. armisera consumed was an increase in consumption in the 200-ppm azadirachtin treatment by M. signatus larvae, caused by the 200-ppm azadirachtin treatment delaying pupation. Both azadirachtin treatments had negative effects on M. signatus pupal survival, with the 200-ppm treatment killing all individuals, and about 50% being affected by the 50-ppm treatment. The results suggest that, although the biopesticide azadirachtin has been thought useful in biological control, assuming that the indirect effects of this compound is not enhanced by any direct exposure of the natural enemies to the chemical in the field, application of this material still should be careful, especially in high concentrations, because of its obvious insect growth regulatory (IGR) effects on M. signatus, which is one of the important predators in cotton fields. If persistent natural enemy populations are required, the rate of azadirachtin application will need to be adjusted because consumption of the compound by M. signatus larvae resulted in pupal death. Whether H. conformis or M. signatus can be used against H. armigera in the field will need to be tested further.

Author Keywords: azadirachtin; biopesticide; Harmonia conformis; Mallada signatus; Helicoverpa armigera; biocontrol

¹ Present address: Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2301 South International Boulevard, Weslaco, TX 78596.

² Present address: Department of Zoology & Entomology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.

Biological Control
Volume 22, Issue 2, October 2001, Pages 185-190

Result list | previous < 87 of 166 > next

About ScienceDirect | Contact Us | Information for Advertisers | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy