«Русский гражданин шведского происхождения»: материалы к биографии

М.В. Винарский

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2019, 323(3): 155–186 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2019.323.3.155

Резюме

На основе изучения архивных материалов и печатных источников реконструирована научная биография В.А. Линдгольма (1874–1935) – выдающегося отечественного зоолога первой половины XX в, внесшего большой вклад в ряд областей зоологии, преимущественно в изучение континентальных моллюсков и рептилий. Описан жизненный путь В.А. Линдгольма, подробно охарактеризован его вклад в развитие российской малакологии прошлого века, а также его научные связи с современными ему германскими зоологами. Не имея университетского образования, В.А. Линдгольм сумел подняться от любительских фаунистических исследований до написания крупных работ по систематике, биогеографии и вопросам зоологической номенклатуры. Показано, что наибольшее научное значение имели его труды по изучению эндемичной малакофауны оз. Байкал, наземных моллюсков Кавказа и Средней Азии, а также ископаемых плиоценовых моллюсков Западной Сибири. Во всех этих направлениях В.А. Линдгольм выполнил пионерские исследования, сохранившие свою ценность до наших дней. Прослежены важнейшие этапы научной карьеры В.А. Линдгольма и обстоятельства, способствовавшие приобретению им статуса профессионального учёного – сотрудника Зоологического музея Императорской академии наук. Сохранившиеся архивные документы позволяют реконструировать не только научную, но и «частную» биографию В.А. Линдгольма, которая представляет интерес для изучения положения научных работников в России в эпоху Первой мировой войны, а также в постреволюционный период. В приложении к статье опубликован ряд биографических документов из фонда В.А. Линдгольма, хранящегося в Санкт-Петербургском филиале Архива РАН.

Ключевые слова

биография, В.А. Линдгольм, Зоологический институт РАН, история малакологии

Поступила в редакцию 22 июля 2019 · Принята в печать 6 сентября 2019 · Опубликована 1 октября 2019 г.

Литература

Adler K. 2012. Lindholm, Wilhelm A. (1874–1935). In: K. Adler (Ed.) Contributions to the history of herpetology. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 3: 190–191.

Anonymous. 1915. What language to print Russian scientific papers? Byulleten’ Khar’kovskogo obshchestva lyubiteley prirody, 4(1): 75–78. [In Russian].

Anonymous. 1936. Wilhelm A. Lindholm, 1874–1935. The Nautilus, 50(2): 69.

Anonymous. 2007. Short history of the Russian malacological meetings during the past 45 years. In: Egorova E.N., Kijashko P.V. and Sirenko B.I. (Eds) Molluscs: Morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny and ecology. Seventh (XVI) Conference on study of molluscs. The collected articles. Zoological Institute, Saint-Petersburg, 7–8. [In Russian].

Baker F.C. 1911. The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America. Special publication of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 3: XVI+539 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.20500

Behning A.L. 1925. 25 years of the Volga biological station. Works of the Volga biological station, 8(1–3): 3–54. [In Russian].

Beolens B., Watkins M. and Grayson M. 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xiii+296 pp.

Berg L.S. 1910. The fauna of Baikal and its origin. Biologicheskiy Zhurnal, 1(1): 10–43. [In Russian].

Bianchi L.V. 1922. Report on the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences for 1917. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 20: 087–0136. [In Russian].

Bianchi V.V. 2014. A brief curriculum vitae of Lev Valentinovich Bianchi. In: Fedyaeva T.A. Bianchi: The history of a St. Petersburg clan. Petropolis, Saint-Petersburg, 1: 148–155. [In Russian].

Bogachev V.V. 1961. Materials for the history of the Eurasian freshwater fauna. The Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR Press, Kiev. 404 p. [In Russian].

Bogolyubskiy S. 1914. On the topics of the day. Estestvoznaniye i geografiya, 19(11): 81–86. [In Russian].

Bouchet Ph. 1997. Inventorying the molluscan diversity of the world: What is our rate of progress? The Veliger, 41(1): 1–11.

Bouchet Ph., Bary S., Héros V. and Marani G. 2016. How many species of molluscs are there in the world’s oceans, and who is going to describe them? Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 208: 9–24.

Chakhotin S. 1917. From the translator. In: Bütschli O. Lectures on comparative anatomy. A.F. Devrien, Petrograd, 1: xiv+502 p. [In Russian].

Clair M.O. 1911. Identification of the Museum’s conchyliological collection by Baron O.V. Rosen. Zapiski Ural’skogo obshchestva lyubiteley estestvoznaniya, 31(1): 15–16. [In Russian].

Dobrzhansky Th.G. and Kossakovsky L.V. 1925. The variability of Limnaea stagnalis in waterbodies of the Kiew neighbourhood. Trudy Pervogo Vserossiyskogo gidrobiologicheskogo s’ezda. Leningrad: 481–483. [In Russian].

Doronin I.V. 2015. The unknown fate of a famous herpetologist. Istoriko-Biologicheskiye Issledovaniya, 7(1): 73–78. [In Russian].

Geller-Grimm F. 2018. Wiesbaden: Museum Wiesbaden: Natural History Collections [MWNH]. In: Beck L.A. (Ed) Zoological Collections of Germany. The Animal Kingdom in its Amazing Plenty at Museums and Universities. Springer International Publishing AG, 667–674. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44321-8_56

Geptner M.V., Ivanov D.L., Kudryashova N.I., Mezhov B.V., Mikhaylov K.G. and Sokolskaya N.L. 1991. The invertebrate collections. In: Rossolimo O.L. (Ed) Two centuries in the collections of the Zoological Museum of MSU. The Moscow State University Press, Moscow, 36–68. [In Russian].

Hancock E.G. 2018. John Russell Malloch: Amateur naturalist to professional taxonomist. in: MacGregor A. (Ed) Naturalists in the Field. Brill, Leiden, 730–758. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004323841_026

Hesse P. 1936. W.A. Lindholm. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 68(3): 116–117.

Kobelt V. 1903. The geographic distribution of animals in cold and temperate belts of Northern Hemisphere. A.F. Devrien, Petrograd, xvi+1–643 p. [In Russian].

Kolchinsky E.I. 2015. The First World War and the mobilization model of the organization of academic science. Vestnik Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk, 85(3): 261–268. [In Russian].

Kolchinsky E.I. 2017. The Academy of Sciences and the Russian revolutions of 1917. Vestnik Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk, 87(2): 166–176. [In Russian].

Kolchinsky E.I. and Fedotova A.A. (Compilers). 2011. Biology in St. Petersburg. 1703–2008. Nestor-Istoriya, Saint-Petersburg, 568 p. [In Russian].

Kozhov M.M. 1936. Mollusks of Baikal Lake. Taxonomy, distribution, ecology, some data on genesis and history. Trudy Baikal’skoi Limnologicheskoy Stantsii (Travaux de la Station Limnologique du Lac Baikal), 8: 1–320. [In Russian].

Kozhov M.M. 1962. The biology of the Baikal Lake. The Soviet Academy of Sciences Press, Moscow–Leningrad, 315 p. [In Russian].

Krulikovsky L.K. 1889. To the knowledge of the Russian malacofauna. Zapiski Inperatorskoy Akademii nauk, 60(suppl. 7): 1–35. [In Russian].

Leonov S.V. 2006. The historical aspects of the human use of terrestrial snails in the Crimea. In: Chernobay Yu.N. and Sverlova N.V. (Eds) Fauna, ecology, and intraspecific variation of terrestrial mollusks in urbanized environments. Lvov, 180–188. [In Russian].

Leontiev Ya.V. 2016. The Ajax brothers (a political and scientific biography of E.N. Mal’m). The “Narodniks” in Russia’s history. Voronezh State University Press, Voronezh, 2: 244–268. [In Russian].

Likharev I.M. and Rammelmeyer E.S. 1952. Land snails of the USSR fauna. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim institutom AN SSSR, 43: 1–512. [In Russian].

Lindholm W.A. 1901a. Zur Kenntnis der Zwergpfeifhasen (Lagomys pusillus Pall.). Der Zoologische Garten, 42: 147–153.

Lindholm W.A. 1901b. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Weichthierfauna Südrusslands. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 33: 161–186.

Lindholm W.A. 1902a. Einige für die Fauna des St. Petersburger Gouvernements neue Binnenmollusken. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 34: 208–211.

Lindholm W.A. 1902b. Das Tierleben der Kargalinskaja Steppe (Orenburg). In: Kobelt W. Die Verbreitung der Tierwelt. Tauchnitz, Leipzig, 188–195.

Lindholm W.A. 1904. Zur Molluskenfauna der Gouvernements Kursk und Orenburg. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 8 (for 1903): 338–344.

Lindholm W.A. 1905. Über einige Eidechsen und Schlangen aus Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde, 58: 227–240.

Lindholm W.A. 1906. Beschreibung einer neuen Schildkrötenart aus Deutsch-Südwestafrika nebst Bemerkungen über die Gattung Homopus D. et B. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde, 59: 345–351.

Lindholm W.A. 1908. Materialen zur Molluskenfauna von Südwestrussland, Polen und der Krim. Zapiski Novorossijskago Obshchestva Estestvoispytateley = Mémoires de la Société des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle-Russie, 31: 199–232.

Lindholm W.A. 1909. Die Mollusken des Baikalsees (Gastropoda et Pelecypoda), systematisch und zoogeographisch bearbeitet. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer zoologische Expedition nach dem Baikal-See unter Leitung des. Prof. Alexis Korotneff i. d. J. 1900–1902. Friedländer und Sohn, Kiew und Berlin, 4: 1–104. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11661

Lindholm W.A. 1910. Über Physa acuta und deren Vorkommen in Russland. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 42: 29–34.

Lindholm W.A. 1911. Materials to knowledge of the malacological fauna of the Moscow Gouvernement. Dnevnik Zoologicheckogo otdeleniya Imperatorskogo Obshchestva Lyubiteley Estestvoispytaniya, 3(10): 38–54. [In Russian].

Lindholm W.A. 1912a. Über mollusken aus dem Ladogasee und der Nevabucht. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 16: 285–310.

Lindholm W.A. 1912b. Bemerkungen über Schnecken von Irkutsk (Sibirien). Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 44: 62–68.

Lindholm W.A. 1913. Beschreibung neuer Arten und Formen aus dem Kaukasus-Gebiete. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 45: 17–23, 62–69.

Lindholm W.A. 1929b. Zur Kenntnis der Malakofauna des Unterlaufes des Dnjepr. Académie des Sciences de l’Ukraïne. Mémories de la Classe des Sciences Physiques et Mathématiques, 11(3): 337–367.

Lindholm W. 1929c. Drei interessante Wasserschnecken (Gastropoda) aus dem westlichen Turkestan. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de l’URSS, Série A, 13: 311–314.

Lindholm W.A. 1930. Mollusken aus der Stadt Alt-Buchara und ihrer nachsten Umgebung. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR, 31(1): 129–134.

Lindholm W.A. 1931. Mollusca. Trudy Pamirskoy Ekspeditsii 1928 goda, 8: 29–64.

Lindholm W.A. 1932a.Mollusks from the Middle Pliocene freshwater deposits of southeastern Siberia. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo geologo-razvedochnogo ob’edineniya NKTP SSSR, 238: 3–50. [In Russian].

Lindholm W.A. 1932b. Freshwater mollusks from the Pliocene deposits of the Irtysh River. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo geologo-razvedochnogo ob’edineniya NKTP SSSR, 239: 3–27. [In Russian].

Lindholm W.A. 1932c. On the finding of the American species Helisoma trivolvis Say (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) in the Pleistocene deposits of the Kolyma River. Trudy Komissii po izucheniyu proizvoditel’nykh sil AN SSSR. Seriya yakutskaya, 11: 65–73.

Lin’ko A.K. 1911. Gidroidy (Hydroidea). Vol. I, fasc. 1. Haleciidae, Lafoёidae, Bonneviellidae and Campanulariidae. Fauna Rossii i sopredelnykh stran, preimushchestvenno po kollektsiyam Zoologicheskogo muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk, xlviii+138 p. [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46270

Lutaenko K.A. 2016. Leopold von Schrenck and his contribution to malacology: on the 190th birthday. The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society, 20(2): 101–135. [In Russian].

Lyubarskiy G.Yu. 2009. The history of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University: Ideas, people, structures. KMN, Moscow, 744 p. [In Russian].

Malm E.N. 1932. Dolphins of the Black Sea. Izdatel’stvo AN SSSR, Moscow–Leningrad, 24 p. [In Russian].

Mayr E. 1982. The growth of biological thought: Diversity, evolution, and inheritance. Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press, 974 p.

Menzbier M.A. 1916. Birds (Aves). Vol. VI, fasc. 1. Falconiformes. Fauna Rossii i sopredelnykh stran, preimushchestvenno po kollektsiyam Zoologicheskogo muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk, ii+344 p. [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15339

Middendorff A.Th. 1851. Mollusken. In: Middendorff A.Th. Reise in der äussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der jahre 1843 und 1844. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Saint-Pétersburg, 2(1): 163–464.

Milashevitsch K.O. 1916. Molluscs of the Russian seas. Vol. 1. Molluscs of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Fauna Rossii i sopredelnykh stran, preimushchestvenno po kollektsiyam Zoologicheskogo muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk, xii+312 p. [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11748

Nasonov N.V. 1916. Report on the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences for 1914. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 20: 01–0125. [In Russian].

Nasonov N.V. 1917. Report on the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences for 1915. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 20: 01–0151. [In Russian].

Nasonov N.V. 1922. Report on the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences for 1916. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 20: 01–080. [In Russian].

Osokina E.A. 2008. On the other side of «Stalin’s Plenty»: Distribution and market supply of the population during the years of industrialization. 1927–1941. 2th edition. Rosspen, Moscow, 351 p. [In Russian].

Petrova A. 2013. 1918–1921. Petrograd under “War communism”. In: Kovnatskaya L. (Ed) Shostakovich in the Leningrad Conservatoire: 1919–1930. Kompozitor, Saint-Petersburg, 1: 18–23. [In Russian].

Römer A. 1891. Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Wiesbaden. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde, 44: 17–207.

Rossolimo O.L. and Dunayev E.A. (Eds). 2003. The herpetologists of Moscow. KMK, Moscow, 587 p. [In Russian].

Roszkowski W. 1914. Note sur l’appareil génital de Limnaea auricularia L. et de Limnaea ovata Drap. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 44(4): 175–179.

Samokish A.V. 2014. The school extracurricular biological stations in Petrograd. Istoriko-Biologicheskiye Issledovaniya, 6(1): 48–71. [In Russian].

Schileyko A.A. 1984. Terrestrial molluscs of the superfamily Pupillina of the USSR fauna (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Geophila). Fauna SSSR. Mollyuski, 3(3): 1–399. [In Russian].

Schrenck L. 1867. Mollusken der Amur-Landes und des Nordjapanischen Meeres. In: Schrenck L. Reisen und forschungen im Amur-Lande in der Jahren 1854–56. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Saint-Pétersburg, 2: 259–974.

Sitnikova T.Ya. 1987. To the systematics of baikalian endemic mollusks of the family Benedictiidae (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 66(10): 1463–1476. [In Russian].

Sitnikova T.Ya. 1991. The new structure of the Baikalian endemic family Baicaliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia). In: A.A. Linevich and E.L. Afanasieva (Eds). Morphology and evolution of invertebrates (Fauna of Baikal). Nauka, Novosibirsk, 281–295. [In Russian].

Sitnikova T.Ya. and Röpstorf P. 2004. These mollusks live only in Lake Baikal. Nauka iz pervykh ruk, 1(2): 84–98. [In Russian].

Sitnikova T., Goulden C. and Robinson D. 2006. On gastropod mollusks from Lake Hövsgöl. The Geology, Biodiversity and Ecology of Lake Hövsgöl (Mongolia). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 233–252.

Sitnikova T.Ya., Starobogatov Ya.I., Shirokaya A.A., Shibanova I.V., Korobkova N.V. and Adov F.V. 2004. Gastropod molluscs (Gastropoda). In: Timoshkin O.A. (Ed) Index of animal species inhabiting Lake Baikal and its catchment area. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1(2): 937–1002. [In Russian].

Skorikov A.S. 1910. Zoological studies of the Ladoga Lake water as drinking. Gorodskaya tipografiya, Saint-Petersburg, 123 p. [In Russian].

Slepkova N.V. 2006. The development of the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences as the centre of taxonomic research. Abstract of the Candidate of Biological Sciences thesis. Moscow, 26 p. [In Russian].

Sukhova N.G. and Tammiksaar E. 2015. Alexander Theodor von Middendorff: On the bicentenary of his birthday], 2nd edition, revised and expanded. Nestor-Istoriya, Saint-Petersburg, 380 p. [In Russian].

Taki I. 1937. [Obituaries]. Venus, 7(2): 95–99. [In Japanese].

Tanasiychuk V.N. 2002. From Kunstkamera… Priroda, 8: 12–16. [In Russian].

Terentiev P.V. 1928. The shell variability in Lymnaea (Lymnus) stagnalis L. from the vicinity of Cherdyn’ Town (Ural, Verkhne-Kamsky okrug). Russkiy Gidrobiologicheskiy zhurnal, 7(3/4): 81–86. [In Russian].

Ushakov P.V. 2002. From memories of the past. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta RAN, 292: 98–139. [In Russian].

Velichkovsky V.A. 1910. Mollyuski. In: Velichkovsky V.A. Essays on the fauna of Valuiki District of the Voronezh Gouvernement, 6: 1–111. [In Russian].

Vinarski M.V. 2010. A historical outline of study of Siberian freshwater malacofauna (end of XVIII — middle of XX centuries). Ruthenica: The Russian malacological journal, 20(1): 45–67. [In Russian].

Vinarski M.V. 2013. The problem of variability in classical and non-classical systematics. Istoriko-Biologicheskiye Issledovaniya, 5(2): 7–27. [In Russian].

Vinarski M.V. 2015. On the threshold of malacology: pre- and protoscientific knowledge of mollusks. The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society, 19: 47–69. [In Russian].

Vinarski M.V. 2017. The history of an invasion: phases of the explosive spread of the physid snail Physella acuta through Europe, Transcaucasia and Central Asia. Biological Invasions, 19(4): 1299–1314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1339-3

Vinarski M.V. 2018. The big journey of a tiny snail. Priroda, 2: 10–19. [In Russian].

Vinarski M.V. and Kantor Yu.I. 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow, 544 p.

Yablokov A.V. 1966. Variability of mammals. Nauka, Moscow, 362 p. [In Russian].

Yukhneva E.D. 2012. The apartment houses of Saint-Petersburg: Essays on everyday life. Tsentrpoligraf, Moscow, 383 p. [in Russian]

Zablotskiy E.M. 1999. “The Geolkom case”. In: Gromov V.P. (Ed) Repressed geologists. 3rd edition. VSEGEI, Moscow-Saint-Petersburg, 398–403. [In Russian]

Zhadin V.I. 1923. The variability of Limnaea stagnalis in waterbodies of the Murom neighbourhood [part 1]. Russkiy Gidrobiologicheskiy Zhurnal, 2(5–7): 97–106. [In Russian].

Zhadin V.I. 1933. The freshwater mollusks of the USSR. OGIZ-Lensnabtekhizdat, Leningrad, 232 p. [In Russian].

Zhadin V.I. 1952. Mollusca of fresh and brackish waters of the USSR. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim institutom AN SSSR, 46: 1–346. [In Russian].

Zhadin V.I. 1991. My road into hydrobiology. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR, 242: 5–79. [In Russian].

Zykin V.S. 1979. Stratigraphy and unionid mussels of Pliocene of the southern part of the Western Siberian plain. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 106 p. [In Russian].

Zykin V.S. 2002. Stratigraphy and evolution of environments and climate during late Cenozoic in the southern West Siberia. GEO, Novosibirsk, 488 p. [In Russian].