Влияние осмотического стресса на концентрацию белка и активность антиоксидантных ферментов в организме девятииглой колюшки Pungitius pungitius (Gasterosteidae) бассейна Белого моря

А.А. Кочнева, Л.П. Смирнов^†, Д.А. Ефремов и И.В. Суховская

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2023, 327(1): 98–108 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.1.98

Резюме

Жизненный цикл девятииглой колюшки Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758) включает миграции из открытого моря в прибрежные и пресноводные биотопы, в ходе которых рыбы испытывают осмотический шок, провоцирующий впоследствии развитие окислительного стресса. Функцию защиты клеток от избытка образующихся активных форм кислорода, перекиси водорода и гидропероксидов выполняет сложная многоуровневая антиоксидантная система (АОС), включающая низкомолекулярные соединения и специфические ферменты. В проведённом эксперименте молодь девятииглой колюшки из эстуария реки бассейна Белого моря попеременно экспонировали в гипо- и гиперосмотичной среде для изучения ответа компонентов АОС на окислительный стресс, вызванный резкой сменой солености. Показано, что перемещение рыбы из соленой воды в пресную на 1 час и 24 часа привело к снижению концентрации водорастворимого белка и активности каталазы в тканях колюшки. Активность гваякол-зависимой пероксидазы увеличилась после последовательного выдерживания рыб из эстуария в пресной и соленой воде по 24 часа. Не выявлены изменения в активности супероксиддисмутазы и глутатион S-трансферазы при изученных воздействиях. Участие ферментов АОС (в частности, усиление реакции обезвреживания перекиси водорода по пероксидаза-зависимому пути) в реакции на резкую смену солености окружающей среды P. pungitius из Белого моря описано впервые. Результаты нашего исследования дополняют немногочисленные сведения об ответе АОС эвригалинных видов рыб на гипо- и гиперосмотический стресс. Полученные данные могут быть использованы при прогнозировании возможности промышленного разведения рыб в Беломорско-Баренцевоморском бассейне.

Ключевые слова

антиоксидантная система, Белое море, девятииглая колюшка, Pungitius pungitius, соленость, осмотический стресс, эвригалинный вид

Поступила в редакцию 16 октября 2022 г. · Принята в печать 13 февраля 2023 г. · Опубликована 25 марта 2023 г.

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