Некоторые особенности биологии полевок рода Blanfordimys (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)

С.А. Саблина, Е.П. Тихонова и Ф.Н. Голенищев

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2024, 328(1): 120–138 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.1.120

Резюме

Обобщены данные из литературных источников и полученные нами результаты полевых исследований по распространению, стациальной приуроченности, численности и размножению полевок рода Blanfordimys Argyropulo, 1933: афганской полевки B. afghanus (Thomas, 1912) с подвидами B. a. afghanus и B. a. balchanensis (Heptner et Shukurov, 1950), бухарской полевки B. bucharensis (Vinogradov, 1930), с подвидами B. b. bucharensis и B. b. davydovi (Golenishchev et Sablina, 1991) и памирской полевки B. juldaschi (Severtzov, 1879) с подвидами B. j. carruthersi (Thomas, 1909) и B. j. juldaschi, в природных условиях на территории Туркмении, Таджикистана и Киргизии. По градиенту высотности от низко- до высокогорья эти полевки распределяются следующим образом: афганская, бухарская и памирская, соответственно. Исследованы особенности размножения и постэмбрионального онтогенеза в условиях неволи. Размножение происходило круглогодично с низкой интенсивностью; число новорожденных в помете у всех рассмотренных видов невелико – в среднем 3 детеныша, средний интервал между пометами – около 50 дней. Несколько быстрее развиваются детеныши полевок, обитающих на меньших высотах (B. afghanus и B. bucharensis) по сравнению с более высокогорными (B. juldaschi). В целом для изученных видов отмечено медленное развитие, запаздывание появления в постэмбриональном онтогенезе наиболее важных признаков (прорезывание резцов, прозревание) по сравнению с большинством равнинных представителей полевок трибы Arvicolini. Эти особенности сильнее выражены у полевок B. j. juldaschi, обитающих на бо́льших высотах. Таким образом, в ключе теории синдрома темпа жизни (pace-of life syndrome, POLS) мы наблюдаем сдвиг от более быстрого темпа жизни (r-стратегии), характерного для большинства равнинных грызунов, к более медленному (k-стратегии). Отмечена уязвимость полевок рода Blanfordimys в процессе аридизации климата и в условиях антропогенного пресса.

Ключевые слова

Arvicolinae, Blanfordimys, полевки, постэмбриональный онтогенез, размножение, распространение, Rodentia

Поступила в редакцию 6 июля 2023 г. · Принята в печать 21 декабря 2023 г. · Опубликована 25 марта 2024 г.

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