Смена характера динамики численности Sorex araneus и Myodes glareolus в южной Карелии

А.Е. Якимова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2024, 328(3): 392–407 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.3.392

Резюме

В работе рассматривается динамика численности фоновых видов мелких млекопитающих (Sorex araneus L., 1758 и Myodes glareolus Scherber, 1780) южной Карелии по результатам многолетних стационарных исследований. Учеты мелких млекопитающих на территории исследований проводили стандартным методом ловушко-линий летом и осенью 1966–2014 гг. При каждой сессии отловов были охвачены все основные типы биотопов. Для южной тайги, так же как и для всей территории Восточной Фенноскандии, Sorex araneus и Myodes glareolus являются доминирующими видами среди населения мелких млекопитающих. Оба доминирующих вида обитают здесь на границе своих ареалов. В ходе анализа данных многолетней численности фоновых видов мелких млекопитающих было установлено наличие двух временных периодов, отличающихся для каждого из рассматриваемых видов характером изменений численности: 1-й период (1966–1990 гг.) и 2-й период (1991–2014 гг.). Как для обыкновенной бурозубки, так и для рыжей полевки в периоде 2 отмечалось изменение характера цикличности численности, выражавшееся сменой тяготения к 3–4-летним циклам на хаотические колебания. Также для обоих видов отмечалось снижение амплитуды колебаний численности, при этом для рыжей полевки отмечалось снижение уровня численности. Отмечена рассогласованность существовавшей ранее корреляции многолетней численности фоновых видов. Вероятной причиной подобных изменений является потепление климата, отмечающееся на севере Евразии в XXI столетии. Для периферических популяций мелких млекопитающих эндогенные факторы регуляции численности выходят на первый план. Данное влияние носит опосредованный характер, более теплые зимы и весны создают более благоприятные условия обитания животных.

Ключевые слова

динамика численности, изменение климата, мелкие млекопитающие, обыкновенная бурозубка, рыжая полевка

Поступила в редакцию 3 ноября 2023 г. · Принята в печать 10 апреля 2024 г. · Опубликована онлайн 11 сентября 2024 г.

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