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The paper presents a survey of literary and author's own data on metabolism of nitric bases, nucleosides and orotic acid in Eimeria, Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. Experimental data on nucleotide content of DNA, fractional content of ribosome RNA, isofermental spectrum of a number of oxidation-reduction enzymes and immunochemical analysis of antigens in various groups of Sporozoa (Eimeria, Toxoplasma and Plasmodium) are given. A possible use of biochemical and immunochemical data for the taxonomy of Sporozoa is suggested.

Most dangerous pathogens in the natural and cultivated populations of the american oyster are the protozoan parasites Perkinsus marinus and Haplosporidium nelsoni. Both parasites do not do well in salinities below 15‰. They are also temperature dependent and cause most mortalities when temperature is between 25 and 33°. Transfer of the molluscs around the coast of North America caused the spread of these parasites.

Experiments on ringprecipitation reactions with homologous and heterologous antigenes of four species of diphyllobothriids have shown that D. dendriticum and D. ditremum are in a more close antigenic affinity. In relation to the above two species D. vogeli is approximately at the same level. D. latum displayed no antigenic affinity with the above species that, apparently, is connected with its parasitism only in mammals. Schemes of immunization of rabbits for obtaining antisera are given.

As a result of a comparative and morphological analysis the genus Echinocotyle is divided into five subgenera as follows: Echinocotyle Blanchard, 1891; Gonoscolex Saakova, 1958; Echinocotyloides subgen. n.; Mariicotyle subgen. n. and Larocotyloides subgen. n. A distinct genus, Mackoja gen. п., with Mackoja podirufi (Macko, 1962) as a type is erected.

Life cycle and morphology of developmental stages of Maritrema parainusitata sp. n. are studied. The first intermediate host of the trematode is Pseudamnicola sp., the second — Gammarus (R.) balcanicus inhabiting mountain sreams of Tien-Shan. The definitive host is a white mouse (experimentally).

The presence of active fumarate reductase system in mitochondria of the trematode Calicophoron ijimai was shown. Fumarate reductase activities in different collections of C. ijimai vary considerably. Maximum activity accounts for 47.7±1.0 nM/min/mg protein whereas minimum — for 15.1±0.1. Some properties of the enzyme were studied. The effect of thiabendazole, bitionol, oxinid and preparations of G-1026 and G-937 on the fumarate reductase activity was investigated. G-1026, G-937 preparations and bitionol have the strongest inhibitory effect on the enzyme. Thiabendazole inhibited but little the fumarate reductase reaction in C. ijimai. The enzyme activity was not affected by oxinid.

A redescription of female and male of the little-known species Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev has been made on the holotype (male, West China, Sinkiang) and on collection material of Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and Institute of Zoology of Armenian SSR: three females and males from Armenia and western Pakistan. Despite a considerable remoteness of their distribution areas all studied specimens show stability of their specific characters and differ distinctly from the close species D. niveus Neumann and D. everestianus Hirst. The both sexes (especially female) of D. raskemensis differ in having peculiar, most complete (in the ranges of the genus) filling of the dorsal shield area with dense light pigment and by prevalence of very small punctation and the lack of contrast between it and larger punctation. Peritreme of D. raskemensis male has a long narrow dorsal process which is at the right angle to its longitudinal axis and slightly concave along the hind edge. The dorsal process of the female is well developed and is at the right or acute angles to the longitudinal axis. In addition the both sexes have a wide smooth thickening along the anterior edge of the process, the proportions of peritreme are specific in species. In close species the dorsal process of peritreme is at the blunt angle to its longitudinal axis, in D. everestianus the thickening along the anterior edge is missing. Female of D. raskemensis lacks wing-shaped appendages of the genital opening while in D. niveus they are distinct (the structure is not mentioned in the description of D. everestianus). D. raskemensis apparently inhabits highlands and meadow-steppe, steppe and mountain sparce forest zones most part of which is covered by rocks and screes. In Armenia it was recorded from Armenian mouflon and wild goat; in other countries (Iran, Afghanistan, western Pakistan, India and China) it occurs on sheep and goats from alpine pastures. Most collections were done in autumn, winter and spring.

The effect of relative air humidity on the development, survival, and selective ability of adult mites was studied; a response of mites to variations in humidity and to gradient was noted. The longest survival periods of mites (over 40 days) were observed at 90 to 100% relative air humidity and temperature of 19 to 20°C. The development of preimaginal phases occurred at 86 to 100% relative humidity with an optimal zone higher than 90% and lower than 100% relative humidity. Imagos gave preference to conditions of 86—90—95% relative humidity, an optimal zone being in the ranges of 89 to 95% relative humidity.

69 females of mosquitoes belonging to the subgenus and species Aedes (Edwardsaedes) bekkui Mogi, 1977 new for the fauna of the USSR were collected in the Khasan and Lazovsky regions of the Primorye Territory in summer of 1981. Apparently earlier this species was erroneously taken for Ae. vexans. A description of female of Ae. bekkui with a use of new unified terms, comparison with other species of the subgenus Edwardsaedes and differences from females of Ae. vexans are given.

Unknown earlier male, larva and pupa of Tabanus infestus Bog. et Sam. are described. The male of the species differs from these of T. armenicus and T. indrae in the absence of black hairs en tentacles, in thick long light pubescence of the body, and light pubescence of tibia of the 2nd and 3d pairs of legs. T. infestus is distributed in Armenia and Nakhichevan ASSR in mountain regions at the altitude of 1400 to 1700 m. Larvae, hydrobionts-reophils, develop under stones on the bottom of mountain streams and rivers at the depth of 60 cm. The flight of tabanids lasts depending on the altitude from the first decade of July to the middle of August.

A description of female and male genitalia of a mosquito species new for the fauna of the USSR, Culiseta (Culicella) nipponica La Casse et Yamaguti, is given. C. nipponica formerly known from Japan and South Korea was found in the south of the Primorye region.

It has been established experimentally that in nature the food passing rate in larvae of W. mediterranea depends on water body temperature and varies from 20 to 50 minutes. Maximum size of food particles occurring in larval gut swas up to 1 mm. In winter larvae feed only by filtration, in summer — by filtration and scraping off.

Experiments have shown that developmental period of eggs of P. petrowi under humid conditions depends directly on temperature. At 30°С their development is over in 8, at 26—27°С in 14 and at 18.5°С in 40 days. Under natural conditions at daily average temperature of 17.5° С the hatching of miracidia occurred in 52 days. Intermediate host of this trematode in a zone of park deer breeding is a freshwater mollusc of the family Planorbidae, Anisus minusculus. The development of parthenites in the intermediate host at 11 to 22°С completes within 83 days.

Two new species of the subfamily Merliniinae are described. Geocenamus uralensis sp. n. was found at the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and on Medicago falcata L. It differs from other members of the genus in a short stylet and smaller size of the body. Nagelus ivanovae sp. n. was found at the roots of Medicago sativa L. It is close to Nagelus jamalensis and N. grandis differing from them in having a larger stylet and from the latter in a number of rings of the labial part.

A new nematode genus, Hexadorus gen. n., differs from all other genera of the subfamily Belonolaiminae in having 6 incisures in the lateral field, a small rounded labial disc and 6 well developed labial lobes. The type species H. deserticola gen. n., sp. n. was found in the rhizosphere of the saxaul Haloxilon persicum Bge in the desert of Kara-Kum, Southern Tajikistan (type locality). It also occurs in other Central Asian deserts. The species Morulaimus arealoferus Razjivin, 1971 is transferred to the genus Hexadorus gen. n.

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The school of Professor A.A. Sobolev (1904—1966) which was formed in the city of Gorky represents one of the branches of Academician К.I. Skrjabin's helminthological school. The scientists belonging to this school were the first to begin wide investigations in the ecology of helminths. Evolution of scientific themes of the school allows the ways and regularities of ecological investigations of helminthology in the USSR to be revealed.

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