Archive

Summary is absent.

In the period of 1967—1971 investigations were carried out of the fishes from the Aral Sea. 65 species of parasites have been first recorded from the above fishes, their total list includes 215 species. 23 of them were introduced during the acclimatization of fishes. Progressive salinity growth of this water body has caused the reduction of the distribution area and the decrease in the number of the Aral population of many species. Under changing conditions many species of monogeime and some members of other classes have preserved a wide distribution and in some places a high quantity. The cases of morbidity and mortality of fishes are reported. Materials on the parasite fauna of fishes enabled the author to establish their food relations which are affected by modern hydroregime of the Aral Sea as well as by the acclimatization of the Caspian gobiids.

The mollusks Littorina saxatilis, L. obtusata, Solariella obscura, Cingula aculeus, Hydrobia ulvae, Margarites helicina and M. groenlandica serve as hosts of the parthenites of Microphallus pygmaeus in eastern Murman. Over a period of 20 years the infection rate of the mollusks has increased greatly that is associated with the increaseng number of definitive hosts. Maximum infection rate was recorded in the end of July — August. The infection rate of littorins within this period was about 90 per cent.

A new species Azygia inopinata is described from Esox lucius. The species was found in two lakes of southern Karelia. Marita is characterized by the equality of suckers and globular pharynx; the average size of eggs is 0.061 X 0.033 mm. The intermediate host (in the experiment) is Galba palustris. The larva is Cercaria mirabilis Braun.

Chaetogaster lymnaei (Oligochaeta, Naididae) has two life forms one of which is a commensal of pulmonae mollusks and the other — an endoparasite of Radix ovata kidney. On the basis of statistical analysis of the second body segment chaetae morphological differences of the two races are considered. Their geographical distribution and biological peculiarities are discussed. The races of Ch. lymnaei represent two divergating sympatrical ecotypes rather than biological species as it was thought before.

Photoperiodic induction of diapause in Culicoides pulicaris punctatus was studied at a constant (25°) and varying temperature (16 to 18°). Photosensitivity of females and eggs was established. The first and second generations of C. p. punctatus have a photoperiodic reaction of a long-day type. The effect of the light day and temperature on females of different generations is dissimilar. The tendency of diapause is higher in autumn females.

A new subspecies, Prosimulium macropyga korshunovi Patr. subsp. n., from the Polar Urals differs from other forms of P. macropyga (Lundstr.) and allied species in having two dark longitudinal stripes on the dorsum and by the structure of genitalia in adult insects, by the number of setae in the great flabellum, by the structure of submentum and shape of the ventral incision in larvae and by the branching pattern of respiratory threads in pupa.

Results of the experimental infection of fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) with the plague agent after their long (2.5 years, 19 generations) feeding on infected white mice showed no difference in the infection activity of these insects as compard to control ones. The authors question the hypothesis according to which a low frequency of protein-formation in some species of fleas is due to their long contact with the plague agent in the historical past.

In the Mountain-Altai Autonomous district Ixodes pavlovskyi is mostly often encountered in forests of the lower parts of the low mountains. In the other parts of the low mountains and in the neighbouring belt of the middle mountains the species is rare. Only single individuals of this tick penetrate into the central regions of the Altai along the valleys of large rivers.

13 taxons of mites associated with lemmings and their nests are reported from East Taimyr. Mass species are as follows: Parasitus (Eugamasus) sp., Laelaps lemmi, Haemagamasus ambulans, Hirstionyssus isabellinus. Irregular spread of mites in the lemmings' nests favours the creation of condi ions suitable for the circulation of agents of transmissible infections. A more regular distribution of these mites on the animals points to the mixing of the mites population that effects the dissemination of agents. The finding of females with eggs (Hg. ambulans, H. isabellinus) on the animals and their simultaneous absence in the nests of the latter show taht in the northern parts of the distribution areas of these species their life patterns have an epizootic character.

A new species of the trombiculid mites, Straelensia taurica sp. n., is described. The mites were found on the hare Lepus europaeus in the Crimea. The new species is closly related to Straelensia europaea Vercammen-Grandjean et Kolebinova, 1968 and S. africana Vercammen-Grandjean, 1971 but differs in the measurments: size (Ip=558), galeal seta (Ga=B) and other characters.

The development of the infection process during cutaneous leishmaniosis was traced in one midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus Pall). The gerbil fell ill with cutaneous leishmaniosis after the feeding of sand flies of Phlebotomus papatasi and Ph. mongolensis on it. The incubation process of the disease was less than 23 days. Leishmaniosic process began at the base of the concha auriculae and caused the destruction of ear tissues. The complete recover set in 67 days after the infection. Thus, the insignificant duration of the disease does not allow leishmaniae to be preserved in midday gerbils from one season to another.

The composition of amino acids of sporocysts, membranes of oocysts and oocysts of four species of Coccidia from hens is reported. A considerable figgerence was found to exist in the quantitative composition of amino acids in oocysts of different Coccidia species and in different structures of oocysts. It is necessary to carry out a search of preparations breaking the inclusions of some amino acids into the protein molecule of oocysts of Coccidia from hens.

For infection of water bodies there were used ground and non-ground, undried (fresh material) and dried (within a year) Culex modestus larvae infected with Coelomomyces iliensis, substratum (bottom mud 1 to 3 cm thick) and biomass (aggregation of live and vegetable organisms taken from natural water bodies with infected larvae. During laboratory tests the mortality of larvae infected with ground undried individuals was from 40 to 88%; the introduction of biomass caused 37 to 65% mortality and the infection with substratum — 36% mortality.

Description and drowings of a new species Aploparaksis parabirulai sp. n. from the intestine of Macrorhamphus griseus, caught in west Ghukotka, are given. The main pecularities of the species are such the hooks of the probosis are 0.031—0.034 mm long; cirrus 0.13—0.14 mm long is armed with big triangle spines; vittelaria are situated aporal. Differentiation from related species — A. birulai Linstow, 1905, A. crassipenis Deblock et Rausch, 1968 and A. crassirostris (Krabbe, 1869) is given.

The diagnosis and figure are given of the new species of nematodes, Trichodorus yokooi sp. n., isolated from the risosphere of Abies nephrolepis and Picea ajanensis in the Maritime Territory. The new species is close to three japanese species described by Yokoo (1964, 1966) but differs from them in the spear size, the location of ventromedial papilles, excretory pore and suplementary organs, and in the structure of vagina and ovaries.

A description and differential analysis of the nematode Skrjabillanus schigini sp. n. are given. The species was found in the serous membrane of the swim bladder and mesentery of the white amur from pond farms of the Krasnodar Territory. The new species differs from S. amuri from the same host in having four rather than five pairs of pedunculated papillae supporting the caudal alae; in the presence of one rather than two chitinous plate in the cloaca; by the parasitism in the swim bladder wall rather than in the body cavity.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.