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The present paper gives a review of literature dealing with the effect of strain characters of agents of different parasitic diseases on the course of infection. It results from the material studied that the strain characters of the agent affect essentially the course of the inflectional process and its outcome.

Morphometric data on eight species of Dactylogyrus (D. anchor atus, D. extensus, D. minutus, D. falciformis, D. mrazeki, D. sahuensis, D. biwaensis, D. takahashii) from Japan are given. Only the first three species were recorded from Japan earlier. The two last species are described as new ones. A description of the anatomical structure of these two species and of D. falciformis is first given. A more detailed description of the shape of ovary and testis in D. minutus is given.

The second species of the genus Filicollis Lühe, 1911, F. trophimenkoi sp. n., which reaches maturity in Clangula hyemalis, Aythia marila, Somateria fischeri and S. spectabilis, is described. In some birds only immature acantocephals were found. The isopode Asellus tschaunensis Levanidov, 1980 is an intermediate host of F. trophimenkoi. The amphibian Hynobius kaiserlingii was infected with cystacants of A. trophimenkoi experimentally; this suggests that it can serve as a reservoir host under natural conditions. A differential diagnosis of the new species is given.

Two new species of copepods, Cholydiella incisa gen. et sp. n. and Brescianiana rotundata gen. et sp. n., are described. Two new genera, Cholydiella gen. n. and Brescianiana gen. n., are erected and placed in the family Tisbidae Stebbing, 1910. In addition to a new species, C. incisa sp. n., the species C. intermedia (Bresciani, 1970) comb. n., which previously belonged to the genus Cholydia Farran, 1914, is trensferred to the genus Cholydiella gen. n. Both new species are parasitic on gills of Graneledone sp.

Parasitological analysis of young of Goregonidae (pelyad, Lake Chud whitefish, Ludoga whitefish) reared in floating cages with the use of electric light in three lakes of Lithuania has shown that the most dangerous parasite is Argulus foliaceus which displays a definite specificity. Of six species (pelyad, Lake Chud whitefish, Ludoga whitefish, carp, bream, vimba) which were reared in cages the highest infection rate was recorded in Goregonidae, especially in pelyad. In all three lakes the infection rate of pelyad was higher than that of whitefish. Maximum infection of pelyad was recorded from Lake Zhialva (1978) (80.5%) early in August; as a result about 50% of young perished. Temperature of water is, apparently, the main factor affecting the abundance of the parasite and the infection level of the young. In all cases the maximum infection was observed in July — August at a temperature of water from 20 to 24°. All three lakes (Skaistis, Zhelva, Siesartis) are quite favourable for rearing young of Coregonidae in floating cages while pelyad should be reared only in Lake Skaistis.

Ecological relations of distinct systematic groups of invertebrates with nests of the common red-backed vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) were found out. The nests are of different types as follows: newly built, rearing, postrearing, prepared for wintering, wintering and post-wintering nests. It has been shown that during warm periods of the year most nidicols are concentrated in rearing nests while in cold periods — in wintering nests. Saprophags were most abundant in nests of all types and then zoophags, facultative and obligate haematophags in decreasing order.

As a result of conducted investigations various forms of fecundity of M. richardii females have been found. They are as follows: potential, virtual and ecological. A direct relationship between a female's weight, length of the femur of the hind leg and potential fecundity is shown; virtual fecundity has a close positive relation with a quantity of sucked blood and depends on the additional feeding with carbohydrates and physiological age of females. Different parameters of ecological fecundity and of the quantity of blood necessary for the development of one egg in females receiving carbohydrates or only water are given.

Morphological changes in the endocrine system of hamsters infected with different species of Leishmania were studied by means of electron microscopy and histochemistry. At the early stages an activation of the neurosecretory and hypophysialadrenale systems took place. At later stages the affection of male sexual glands was observed, the dystrophic changes of testes taking place mainly in animals infected with L. tropica major. The cutaneous leishmaniasis is supposed to have a tendency of manifesting itself as a general disease of the organism.

Sessile Peritricha from amphibians collected in Leningrad environs (Triturus vulgaris and Rana temporaria) are described. Of seven found species four ones and one form are new to science. A complete list of sessile Peritricha found on amphibians is given and a comparative analysis of their faunas on amphibians and fishes in relation to biological peculiarities of their hosts is carried out. A conclusion is drawn that amphibious mode of life of amphibians associated with a change of habitats prevents the formation of specific fauna while the fauna of Peritricha fishes is characterized by a distinct specificity not only on the species but also on the generic level.

Analysis of the material on fleas from little sousliks has shown that a model of negative binomial distribution can be used with great confidence for characteristics of fleas' distribution on these animals. Exponential К in this model characterizes the level of dispersion. A relation between changes of К and represents a regression and is similar both for Neopsylla setosa and Ceratophyllus tesquorum. The total К was obtained for definite intervals of extensity for each species. If we know the character of distribution of fleas on animals the volume of a sampling can be determined by the formula N=1/ D²*(1/ М+1/К).

A considerable uniformity in the structure of mouth parts of all subgenera of midges (except different number of denticles on mandibles and maxillae and lateral denticles of the upper lip) has been established. Midges of the subgenus Trithecoides are characterized by a notable variety of mouth parts that is unusual for the genus Culicoides.

A new species, Gymnopais frantatus sp. n., from the mountain stream of Kamchatka is described. In addition to the complex of plesiomorphic characteristics typical to all species of the relict genus Gymnopais males of the described species possess wide frons and equal ommatidiae in the eyes.

Ticks of Dermacentor raskemensis were known in the Soviet Union only from one finding in Armenia. Recently these ticks have been found on the slopes of the Urtzsky ridge on the wild goat, moufflon and on the surface of the soil.

13 species and subspecies of bloodsucking mosquitoes (Culicidae) attack man in the valley of eastern Manych. Most abundant are Aedes caspius, Ae. vexans and Culex modestus (34.1, 27.2, 13.1% of collected specimens respectively). Four species (Anopheles algericus, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culiseta longiareolata, С. annulata) are described for the first time for the Kalmyk ASSR.

10 to 30 mg/g of dendrobacillin caused death of 51 to 83% of imago and 60 to 72% of larvae of X. cheopis under laboratory conditions. The addition of 0.02—0.06 mg/g of sevine caused 100% mortality of all stages of the fleas. The mixture of the same doses of dendrobacillin and DDT caused 100% death of imago and 94% death of larvae. This biopreparation in combination with sublethal doses of the insecticide can be used for the control of fleas.

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