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A comparative analysis of the character of interactions in five parasitic systems myxosporidians — fishes (Myxobolus mülleri — Perca fluviatilis, Myxobolus ellipsoides — Phoxinus percnurus, Henneguya zschokkei — Coregonus autumnalis migratoris, Henneguya cerebralis — Thymalus arcticus nigrescens, Sphaerospora pectinacea — Perca fluviatilis) is given.

The authors succeeded in transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis agent (kazakh strain of Leishmania infantum) through the sand flies Phlebotomus longiductus, P. smirnovi and P. papatasi under experimental conditions. Infected P. longiductus and P. smirnovi are capable of preserving the agent and infecting the susceptible mammals after the cessation of the 1st and 2nd gonotrophic cycles. P. papatasi transmitted the agent of visceral leishmaniasis only after the cessation of the 2nd gonotrophic cycle. Under the same conditions the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis agent through P. caucasicus failed. Informative value of characteristics of virtual vectors for differentiation of sand flies as carriers is analysed. A question of the necessity of obtaining additional data, which prove the role of P. caucasicus and P. papatasi as vectors of visceral leishmaniasis agent, is raised.

The evolution of the land life cycle of cestodes of the order Cyclophyllidea is associated with the emergence of vertebrates on to the land. The host-parasite relationships between the family Nematotaeniidae Lühe, 1910 and amphibians are being discussed. Two subfamilies of nematoteniids have been erected as follows: 1) Nematotaeniinae with the genera Nematotaenia, Baerietta, Cylindrotaenia and Distoichometra and 2) Nematotaenoidinae subfam. nov. with the genus Nematotaenoides. Morphological peculiarity of nematoteniids, their high specialisation is due to a long biological isolation of their hosts.

Peculiarities of morphology and formation of cyclocerci as an independent type of larvae of cestodes are discussed. Larvogenesis of cyclocerci of Microsomacanthus arcuata (Kowalewski, 1904) and M. microskrjabini Spassky et Jurpalova, 1964 (Hymenolepididae) is described in detail. The author's and literary morphometrical characteristics of asiatic and american specimens of M. microskriabini are compared. Their taxonomic non-identity is suggested.

In addition to the authors' paper (Feizullaev, Mirzoeva, 1983) on the revision of the superfamily Clinostomoidea) and reconstruction of its system original keys to the families, subfamilies and genera, figures of 12 valid species of the superfamily, generalized data on the range of their hosts and geographical distribution are given.

Effect of the infection with parthenits of trematodes (mainly by Microphallus species-complex «pygmaeus») on the survival of L. obtusata and L. saxatilis under the conditions of extremely low salinity was studied experimentally in 1981—1982. The periwinkles samples with different infection rate both from one population and from different populations of the Kandalaksha Bay (the White Sea) were analysed. It has been shown that infected snails possess low resistance to freshening. Resistance of periwinkles to low salinity depends on species of periwinkle, horizon of intertidal zone and temperature conditions of the experiment. The question of the effect of seasonal changes in salinity as possible factor of the regulation of the infection rate of periwinkles populations and the dynamics of their structure is discussed.

The specific composition of gamasid mites from three species of voles (Microtus arvalis Pall., M. agrestis L., M. oeconomus Pall.) is given. Forest, field and flood-land groupings of the common vole having distinct phenotypical differences are characterized by differences in the structure of their parasite fauna. In the forest the number of meadow and meadow-field species decreases while that of forest species of mites regularly increases.

Web-spinning in cheyletids (the tribe Ornithocheyletini, the genera Bakericheyla, Ornithocheyletia) is connected with their mastering a new adaptive zone, parasitism on birds. Web compensates the absence of attachment organs in these micks, plays a part of microshelters in which are maintained more stable conditions for the principal processes of their vital activity.

A new species, Allonematobothrioides baueri sp. n., of the family Didymozoidae encysting the gills of Japanese mackerel is described.

The ascorbic acid content in haemolymph of Lymnaea stagnalis and Planorbarius corneus noninfected and infected with trematodes decreases under the effect of cuprous sulphate solutions of different concentrations (100, 500, 1000 mg/l). The shift rate depends on the toxicant concentration and infection intensity.

Two new species of Acanthocephala of the genus Echinorhynchus were found and described from fishes of Falkland-Patagonia and South Georgia Island area. E. longiproboscis sp. n. from Dissostichus eleginoides and Macrourus holotrachys intestines differs from its close relative E. gadi (Zoega in Müller, 1776) in proboscis armature and the proboscis to the body length ratio. E. georgianus sp. n. from D. eleginoides intestines differs from E. gadi in proboscis armature and length and shape of the basal hooks.

A description and detailed differential diagnosis of a new species, Heterodera phragmitidis sp. n., found on roots of grass plants in the Nadezhdinsky region of the Primorje Territory are given.

Differences of S. siluri (Osmanov, 1964) and S. fulvidraconis (Li, 1935) are discussed. These differences prove the validity of S. siluri.

New data on morphology and differential diagnosis of adults (variability of the pattern of mesonotum and wings, difference from all other species of the cantans group of the Palaearctic fauna by the spot of the scales on the mesepimeron reaching its lower edge, difference of its male genitalia from those of Ae. montchadskyi Dub.), biology (period of activity and predomination indices of the females attacking man, breeding places and period of occurrence of preimaginal phases in the south of the East Transbaikalia and Krasnoyarsk Region), and geographical distribution (from the Tuva ASSR and south of Krasnoyarsk Region in the west to the south of the Chita Region in the east, misidentification in East Kazakhstan, confinement of the range to the Mongolian district of the Kazakhstan-Mongolian province of the Central Asian subregion of the Holarctic that suggests that the main part of its distribution range is situated in Mongolia) are given for the recently described species of mosquitoes, Aedes sergievi Danilov, Markovich et Proskuryakova, 1978 from the south of East Siberia.

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