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The results of long term investigations of insectivora's fleas from the subantarctic tundra of the Gydan peninsula to steppe zone of the Western Siberia as well as from the Taimyr peninsula and southern taiga of the Angara river region of the Middle Siberia are discussed.

Some changes in the synonymy of several generic names are given (Ahaimophaga Chubareva, 1978 = Helodon Enderlein, 1921; Haimophaga Rubzov et Yankovsky, 1984 = Helodon, Enderlein, 1921; Astega Enderlein, 1930 = Cnephia Enderlein, 1921; Boreosimulium Rubzov et Yankovsky, 1982 = Hellichiella Rivosecchi et Cardinali, 1975; Odagmia Enderlein, 1921 = Simulium Latreille, 1802; Gnus Rubzov, 1940 = Simulium Latreille, 1802). For 18 praeoccupated species names (junior homonyms) the new replacing names are proposed (alajensis Rubzov. 1972 = dubitskii, nom. n.: bicorne Dumbleton, 1973 = crosbyi, nom. n.; borealis Malloch, 1919 = arctocanadensis, nom. n.; chelevini Ivashchenko, 1978 = ivashchenkoi, nom. n.; decafile Rubzov, 1976 = decafiliatum, nom. n.; frontatus Yankovsky, 1982 = boreopacificus, nom. n.; fulvipes Ono, 1978 = onoi, nom. n.; fuscum Rubzov, 1963 = fuscatum, nom. n.; hibernale Rubzov, 1967 = lugense, nom. n.; intermedia Rubzov, 1956 = orenburgica, nom. n.; jacuticum Rubzov, 1973 = tiksiense, nom. n.; kamtshaticum Rubzov, 1940 = kamtshadalicum, nom. n.; latitarsus Rubzov, 1971 = mongolense, nom. n.; minutum Rubzov, 1959 = minuticorpus, nom. n.; rheophilum Tan et Chow, 1976 = tanetchom, nom. n.; sedecimfistulata Rubzov, 1976 = dzhungarica, nom. n.; septentrionale Tan et Chow, 1976 = chowettani, nom. n.; tenuitarsus Rubzov, 1969 = chovdica, nom. n.).

Some traditional points of view on the blackspot disease in fishes caused by the metacercariae of the trematode Posthodiplostomum cuticola are revised. The blackspot disease should be considered as one of several symptomes appeared in freshwater and sea fishes in cases of infection with certain parasite species. Up to present days, more than 30 parasite species causing similar symptomes are recognized. And among them 8 such species have been recorded in fishes of the Volga-Caspian region.

The study of the ultra fine structure of the tegument in adult caryophylloid cestodes has been carried out to describe different ways of the development of microtriches. Three different ways of microtriche development were observed as follows: the microtriches appeared in small processes of apical parts of external cytoplams, they appeared in a layer of extemal cytoplasm, and also developed in a horizontal position under the plasm membrane. Roles of electron-dense bodies and vesicles in the development of microtriches are discussed.

A new genus and species of the anoplocephalid cestodes, Parandrya feodorovi gen. et sp. n. are described from the Western and Eastern Siberia voles. The new genus Parandrya is distinguished from the genus Andrya Railliet, 1893 by the presence of the cellular form of the uterus. The new genus also differs from other known genera of anoplocephalid cestodes associated with Rodentia, which have a single genital apparatus and cellular uterus, by the transformation of the external receptaculum seminis into the prostatio gland.

The study of water soluble proteins of Trichinella spiralis has discovered for the first time some protein fractions having neiraminedase, haemagglutinative and cytotoxic activities. The presence of hyaluronidase was confirmed and its activity both for water soluble and cuticle proteins of the trichinella was examined. The haemagglutinin and cytotoxin of the trichinella have an antigen specificity. The presence of active molecules is considered as the factors of pathogenity. These pathogenic factors were discovered in the invading larvae and adult trichinella, while they were not found in young larvae.

For the creation of Chenk-List of the world fauna of family Dactylogyridae and revision of this group 116 forms of dactylogyrids from 73 hosts in 91 geographical points of Africa was reviewed. Majority representatives of genus Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 was united in either fomely well-known groups or in a new errected monophyletic groups species. Among Dactylogyrus spp. us was pick out 7 groups: 1) D. pseudanchoratus group spp. (Paperna, 1979) including 4 subgroups (D. afer group spp. errecting Gufegan, Lambert (1990) was placed in third subgroup); 2) D. afrobarbae group spp. (Paperna, 1979) was divided us on 3 subgroups and one include two species of genus Dogielius Bychowsky, 1936: matorelli and njinei, both described Birgi, Lambert (1987); 3) D. varicorhirii group spp.; including D. archaeopenis Guegan et Lambert, 1990; 4) D. ruahae group spp., 5) D. digitalis group spp., 6) D. carpaticus group spp. and 7) D. guirensis group spp. In genus Dactylogyroides Gussev, 1963 necessery transfer Dactylogyrus parviphallus Paperna, 1979. D. simplex Birgi et Lambert, 1987 nom preoc.; old homonym - D. simplex Bychowsky, 1936.

The aim of this study was to determine an influence of ionized radiation on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Pneumocystis carinii (P. c.) infections in children inhabitants of settlements affected by radionuclids after Chernobyl accident. Survey of children from day-care centers for prevalence of Cryptosporidium was carried out in Brjansk region, Russia, and Gomel and Mogilev regions, Belorus; children from cities Mogilev and Gomel as well as small town Pochep, Brjansk region, serve as control clean zones. Survey for P. c. seroprevalence was carried out in town Novosybkov, Brjansk region. Specific Ab to P. c. determined by „Pneumo-test" system (Nyarmedic. Moscow. Russia), an evaluation of immune status included assesment of Ig in serum and saliva by Manchini method. Results of the study were as follows: 1) of 432 healthy children surveyed for Cryptosporidium oocysts 352 were from affected regions: the prevalence in Brjansk region was 8% vs. 2.8% in control, in Gomel and Mogilev 4.1% vs. 2.8%. 2) Prevalence anti-P. c. Ab accounts 56.3% in children and 78.2% in adult inhabitants of Novosybkov vs. 30% in children of control group. Special interest presents an relationship of seroprevalence P. c. and secretory immunity examined twice with 2 month interval. At the first survey IgG in seropositive for P. c. children was found in 36.8% (vs. 23.1% in control) and secretary IgA in 13.2% vs. 5.8% in control. At the second survey IgG was found in 53.4% vs. 21.8% and IgA in 2.7% vs. 1.8% in control. Taking into consideration the known fact that IgG and IgA in saliva are result of their transudation from blood through the inflamatory mucosa we consider that long ionized radiation impairs the barrier function of mucosae.

Four species of genus Nematopsis were found in the Black Sea invertebrates. Two new species N. auriticum sp. n. from the stone crab Eriphia verrucosa and N. incognito sp. n. from molluscs Chamelea gallina, Cerastodema lamarcki, Spisula subtruncata were described. Vegetative stages of N. legeri from the crab Eriphia verrucosa were found for the first time. Oocysts of this species develop in the molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis, Ostrea edulis, Gibbula divaricata, Rissoa splendida, Modiolus adriaticus, Chamelea gallina, Polititapes aurea, P. petalina. Vegetative stages of N. portunidarum were found in the gut lumen of the crab Carcinus mediterraneus and oocysts of this species were found for the first time in the molluscs Cerastoderma lamarcki, Abra ovata, Chamelea gallina, Donax trunculus. Descriptions of the gregarinids, information about prevalence and intensity are given.

The morphology and ultrastructure of the aseptate gregarine Loxomorpha harmothoe K. Hoshide, 1988 collected from Harmothoe imbricata (Plychaeta: Polynoidae) are described. The structure of syzygies is unusual, they are hed-to-tail-lateral. The epicyte of the trophozoits is typical in structure, but has some with peculiarities as foilows: the cross sections of the epicytar folds are finger-like with expanded apices, the large apical electron dense extension of subjacent layer under pellicula, the difficult discerning apical arcs and filaments. The cytoplasm contains big lipid drops (up to 1 mm), numerous vacuoies with an electron dence secret and vacuoles of other types.

We examined the activities of nine enzymes in microsporidian spores, which were purified out of the fat body of the crickets Gryllus bimaculatus. A special method of spore purification, which included a centrifugation in glycerine density, incubation in lysozyme and Triton X-100 before homogenization, and washing, has been specially elaborated for the present study. The activities of following enzymes were studied: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40). Specific activities for each enzyme were respectively: 14.1 ±0.9, 1325.8 ± 209.3, 5.9 ± 0.5 nmol/min • mg protein. We did not discovered a reliable activities in hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2), lactatedehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), NAD-dependent malatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and succinatedehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) by means of methods used. The data achieved indicate that glycolysis probably plays an important role in the energetic metabolism of microsporidia. The extremely high activities of the phosphoglucose isomerase, as well as the lack of activities of hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase, at least in the limits of the sensibility method, suggest the possible utilization of glucose-6-phosphate from host cells as the main source of an energy. It is remarkable that the conversion of glycogen of free glucose into trehalose is an important functon of the insect fat body, tha main site of microsporidia development. Trehalose is formed of glucose-6-phosphate and UDF-glucose. It is likely that glucose-6-phosphate is produced very intensively in the cells of the fat body. The partial involvement of glucose-6-phosphate in the pentose-phosphate pathway is also possible. The absence of lactatedehydrogenase activities leaves open the question of the final products of the carbohydrate katabolism in microsporidia and of mechanism of reoxidation of the reduced NADH forms produced during the glycolisis.

Long term observations of the abundance fluctuations of the deer louse-fly Lipoptena cervi were carried out in forest areas of the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions in 1988-1995. The registration of the winged individuals was held in the period of the mass flight in August by the number of deer louse-flies attacking a collector man during 1 km of the pathway. The abundance of deer louse-flies was being high everywhere up to 1993, while it decreased by 8-29 times in 1994-1995. The reason of the abundance decrease of deer louse-flies is the ubrupt abundance decrease of the main host, the elk Alces alces.

The borreliosis of laboratorian rabbits displays as a chronic infection with recurrences during a spring-autumn season. The clinical picture includs a skin-ulocerous lesion, arthritis accompanied by lymphocytosis and borrelimia.

The material collected from 57 specimens of 9 mammalian species in two localities of the Peruvian Amazonia includes 212 specimens of fleas belonging to four species (Polygenis klagesi, Ropalopsyllus lugubrisy, Rh. australis and Rothschildopsylla noctilionis). This is the first record of fleas in the Ucayali river basin. The majority of flea specimens were collected form three morphologically similar but karyotipically and electrophoretically distinct species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys. These fleas belong to the species P. klagesi. The subspecies P. k. samuelis was collected from 32-chromosome spiny rats nearby Pucailpa (8° 22' S, 74° 43' W), whereas in the locality nearby the village Jenaro Errera (4° 52' S, 73° 39' W) only the nominative subspecies P. k. klagesi were collected from all three species of spiny rats. Other species of fleas have relatively less abundance. Six fleas Rh. l. lugubris were found on one specimen of Cuniculus paca; a single Rh. australis - on one specimen of Myoprocta pratti; and a single R. noctilionis - on one specimen of Eptesicus brasiliensi.

Summary is absent.