Зона симпатрии Myodes glareolus и M. rutilus (Rodentia, Cricetidae): древняя и современная гибридизация

Е.Н. Мельникова (Родченкова), И.А. Кшнясев, С.Ю. Бодров, С.В. Мухачёва, Ю.А. Давыдова и Н.И. Абрамсон

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2012, 316(4): 307–323 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2012.316.4.307

Резюме

Европейская рыжая полевка (Myodes glareolus) и сибирская красная полевка (M. rutilus) два филогенетически близких лесных вида с широкой зоной симпатрии (Европейская часть России, Западная Сибирь). Значительное количество M. glareolus с митохондриальным геномом M. rutilus было обнаружено в зоне симпатрии ранее, но при этом был выявлен только один гибрид первого поколения (F1). Целью данного исследования является оценка масштабов современной гибридизации и анализ возможных условий межвидовой гибридизации между лесными полевками. Исследовались последовательности цитохрома b от 164 экземпляров M. glareolus и 108 экземпляров M. rutilus из зоны симпатрии. С помощью ПЦР-типирования цитохрома b, двух микросателлитных локусов и одного ядерного гена (LCAT) исследовано 841 экземпляров M. glareolus. На изученной территории F1 гибридов в дальнейшем обнаружено не было. Единственный выявленный случай гибридизации между M. glareolus и M. rutilus в природе свидетельствует о том, что гибридизация возможна в настоящее время, но крайне редка. Согласно результатам, полученным по уральским популяциям M. glareolus, шансы современной гибридизации выше в фазу депрессии численности, чем вне зависимости от фазы популяционного цикла. Межвидовая гибридизация между этими видами полевок в историческом прошлом, вероятно, произошла в рефугиуме на южном Урале во время последнего ледникового максимума, при низкой плотности обоих видов. Массовая независимая гибридизация при формировании симпатрии представляется менее вероятной.

Ключевые слова

гибридизация, интрогрессия митохондриальной ДНК, Myodes, Rodentia, симпатрический ареал

Поступила в редакцию 27 июня 2012 г. · Принята в печать 13 ноября 2012 г. · Опубликована 25 декабря 2012 г.

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