Особенности зоопланктона горных и равнинных водоемов северо-западной Индии

Л.Ф. Литвинчук

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2018, 322(1): 66–83 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.1.66

Резюме

В 2013–2015 гг. исследованы 9 водоемов, расположенных в горных и равнинных районах северо-западной Индии. В составе зоопланктона выявлены 46 видов, среди которых 18 видов коловраток, 20 видов ветвистоусых и 8 видов веслоногих ракообразных, а также 1 вид Anostraca. В работе впервые для северо-западной Индии зарегистрированы 8 видов коловраток, 5 видов ветвистоусых ракообразных и 2 вида веслоногих ракообразных. Космополиты и палеотропические виды были встречены во всех исследованных водоемах и в Гималаях, и на равнине; палеарктические и голарктические виды — только в Гималаях. Тропические виды населяли только равнинные водоемы. Число видов и индекс видового разнообразия зоопланктона северо-западной Индии были невысокими. Численность зоопланктона была относительно высокой в одном горном озере и во всех исследованных равнинных водоемах (99–487 тыс. экз./м³). Биомасса зоопланктона была невысокой (0.04–8.00 г/м³) и в горных, и в равнинных водоемах, за исключением двух равнинных водоемов, в одном из которых были отмечены проявления ветровых нагонных явлений, на берегу другого располагалось место зимовки стаи крупных птиц. Коловратки входили в состав доминирующего комплекса по биомассе только в горном озере. Основу численности и биомассы зоопланктона практически во всех водоемах составляли ветвистоусые ракообразные, представленные в основном прибрежно-зарослевыми формами, характерными для водоемов с небольшими глубинами. Веслоногие ракообразные развивались в массе лишь в некоторых из исследованных водоемов и в основном были представлены Cyclopoida. Группа Calanoida (Diaptomidae) была отмечена только в одном равнинном озере, расположенном в пустыне. В трофической структуре зоопланктона основная доля была представлена макрофильтраторами. Микрофаги и хищные формы занимали в трофической структуре второе место.

Ключевые слова

зоопланктон, коловратки, ракообразные, биоразнообразие, зоогеография, озера, Индия, Химачал-Прадеш, Джамму и Кашмир, Раджастан, Гуджарат

Поступила в редакцию 22 мая 2017 г. · Принята в печать 28 октября 2017 г. · Опубликована 23 марта 2018 г.

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