Бентос губы Лов (Кандалакшский залив, Белое море): современные и архивные данные сорокалетней давности

А.Д. Наумов, К.Л. Биягов, О.Н. Савченко, Д.А. Аристов и Н.В. Усов

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2018, 322(4): 481–518 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.4.481

Резюме

Изучено донное население губы Лов (Белое море, Кандалакшский берег), принадлежащей к типу ковшовых. Проведено сравнение с аналогичным исследованием начала 1970-х годов. Установлено, что в губе глубже пикноклина до сих пор сохраняются сообщества, имеющие преимущественно арктический характер во главе с доминирующим видом Portlandia arctica. Выше пикноклина отмечены существенные отличия от того, что наблюдалось более 40 лет тому назад. Так, в сообществе, где в 1970-х гг. преобладали двустворчатые моллюски, теперь доминирует многощетинковый червь Alitta virens. Существенно изменилось и сообщество кутового порога. Если в 1970-х эта область была занята плотным поселением Saccharina latissima, то в 2010-х гг. здесь обнаружены лишь отдельные растения этого вида. Подробно изучена структура вод. Рассмотрены обобщенные вертикальные профили температуры, солености и содержания кислорода. Выяснено, что оксиклин залегает практически на тех же глубинах, что и пикноклин, причем содержание в воде кислорода увеличивается с глубиной. Это возможно только при том условии, что глубинные вóды обмениваются зимой. По-видимому, в этом сезоне холодные и насыщенные кислородом поверхностные вóды стекают в придонные слои котловин губы. На основании сделанных наблюдений выказано предположение, что летняя стратификация вод губы Лов обеспечивается зимними адвективными процессами. На основе изучения берегового стока и равного ему по объему компенсационного противотечения с помощью модели водообмена, учитывающей процессы смешения, оценено время смены вод губы, которое оказалось равным приблизительно 200 годам. Расчет темпов водообмена позволил оценить риски хозяйственного использования губы. Предложено запретить любые мероприятия, приводящие к ограничению водообмена и развитию в губе органического загрязнения.

Ключевые слова

бентос, гидрология, Белое море, ковшовые губы, природоохрана

Поступила в редакцию 28 сентября 2017 г. · Принята в печать 1 апреля 2018 г. · Опубликована 25 декабря 2018 г.

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