Филогеография скальных ящериц комплекса Darevskia (caucasica) (Lacertidae: Sauria) по результатам анализа митохондриального гена цитохрома b

И.В. Доронин, П.А. Джелали, К.Ю. Лотиев, Л.Ф. Мазанаева, Г.А. Мустафаева и С.Н. Буньятова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2021, 325(1): 49–66 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.1.49

Резюме

Ареал представителей комплекса Darevskia (caucasica) (D. alpina, D. с. caucasica, D. c. vedenica, D. daghestanica) охватывает Главный Кавказский хребет и его отроги на южном и северном макросклонах в пределах высот от 500 м до 3200 м над уровнем моря. В работе проанализирован участок митохондриального гена цитохрома b (1096 п.н.) от 48 особей этих ящериц, собранных в 23 локалитетах. Обнаружены 39 уникальных гаплотипов. Минимальные значения показателей генетического разнообразия выявлены у D. c. vedenica, максимальные – у D. c. caucasica. Все таксоны комплекса, за исключением веденской ящерицы, демонстрируют генетическую гетерогенность. На дендрограмме филогенетических отношений можно выделить четыре клады, соответствующие D. alpina, D. с. caucasica, D. c. vedenica, D. daghestanica. D. с. caucasica формирует две обособленные гаплогруппы. Выборка веденской ящерицы сформировала самостоятельную кладу на дереве, близкую по положению к номинативному подвиду кавказской ящерицы. По митохондриальному маркеру комплекс Darevskia (caucasica) полифилетичен: нуклеотидные последовательности D. alpina сформировали единую кладу с Darevskia (saxicola), образовав субкладу с последовательностями D. brauneri. Пример популяции D. daghestanica, обнаруженной в лесном биотопе без скальных выходов и генетически не отличающейся от особей с сопредельной территории, свидетельствует о способности скальных ящериц осваивать не свойственные им биотопы за короткий период времени. Генетическая дистанция между D. c. vedenica и D. с. caucasica сопоставима с таковой для пары D. с. caucasica и D. daghestanica. Мы предполагаем наличие самостоятельной формы D. caucasica ssp., обитающей в Южной Осетии и на сопредельных территориях.

Ключевые слова

Кавказ, Darevskia alpina, Darevskia caucasica, Darevskia caucasica vedenica, Darevskia daghestanica

Поступила в редакцию 10 января 2021 г. · Принята в печать 1 марта 2021 г. · Опубликована 25 марта 2021 г.

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