Питание Европейской жемчужницы Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) в небольшой реке (Республика Карелия, Россия)

С.Ф. Комулайнен

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2021, 325(4): 502–515 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.4.502

Резюме

Пресноводная жемчужница Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) находится под угрозой исчезновения в Европе и включена в Красные книги многих стран и регионов. Питание жемчужницы было исследовано в р. Сюскюянйоки (приток Ладожского озера). Состав содержимого кишечника в целом соответствует составу сестона и включает детрит, нитчатые и одноклеточные водоросли, фрагменты беспозвоночных и тканей макрофитов, смешанные с песком и илом. Общая биомасса содержимого кишечника варьировала от 0.8 до 30.6 мг на организм (абсолютно сухая масса). Margaritifera margaritifera потребляет широкий спектр частиц, объемом от 0.5 мкм³ (бактерии и одноклеточные водоросли) до 200 000 мкм³ (фрагменты беспозвоночных и тканей макрофитов). Около 90–95% объема содержимого кишечника составляет тонкий органический детрит. Состав пищи не различался значимо у моллюсков разного пола и размера. В содержимом кишечников были определены 63 таксона водорослей. Количество их таксонов в содержимом одного кишечника варьировало от 3 до 17 при их обилии от 250 до 9560 клеток на организм. Наиболее обильны и постоянны в содержимом кишечников одноклеточные водоросли. Диатомеи наиболее разнообразны: составляют 50.8% от общего числа определенных видов.

Ключевые слова

Margaritifera margaritifera, питание, река, Республика Карелия

Поступила в редакцию 12 марта 2021 г. · Принята в печать 10 сентября 2021 г. · Опубликована 25 декабря 2021 г.

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