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Caspian Sea Biodiversity Project under umbrella of Caspian Sea Environment Program |
| Biodiversity Report | Chronology | Sources | Collections | Check-Lists | Contacts |
Species |
Ecological group |
Donor area |
Naturalization |
Source of introduction |
Vector of introduction |
Years of introduction/ registration |
Coelenterata |
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Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910 |
biofouling, meroplankton |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1956 |
Bougainvillia megas Kinne, 1896 |
biofouling, meroplankton |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1956 |
Moerisia maeotica Ostroumov, 1896 |
biofouling, meroplankton |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1950s? |
Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758) |
plankton, benthos |
Black Sea |
+? |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1999? |
Ctenophora |
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Mnemiopsis leydyi Agassiz, 1865 |
plankton |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1999 |
Beroe ovata Mayer, 1912 |
plankton |
North America |
+? |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
2000? |
Beroe cucumis Fabricius, 1780 |
plankton |
North America |
+? |
? |
shipping |
2005? |
Turbellaria |
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Pentacelum caspium Beklemishev |
benthos |
Mediterranean |
? |
? |
? |
1940s? |
Trematoda |
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Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1899) |
parasite |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
parasite transferring with host |
1980-90s? |
Plagiorchis entamiatis Shulz, 1931 |
parasite |
? |
+ |
? |
parasite transferring with host |
1960s |
Rossicotrema donicum Skrjabin et Lindtrop, 1919 |
parasite |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
parasite transferring with host |
1980-90s? |
Nicolla scriabini Iwanitzky, 1928 |
parasite |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
parasite transferring with host |
1980-90s? |
Haploporus longicollum Wlassenko, 1931 |
parasite |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea |
unintentional introduction |
1930s |
Saccocoelium obessum Fischthal et Kuntz, 1963 |
parasite |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea |
unintentional introduction |
1930s |
Haplosplanchnus pachyma Eysenhardt, 1829 |
parasite |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea |
unintentional introduction |
1930s |
Polychaeta |
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Hediste diversicolor (Müller, 1776) |
benthos |
Eurasia? |
+ |
Sea of Azov |
introduction |
1940 |
Ficopotamus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) |
benthos |
Mediterranean |
1960 |
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Mollusca |
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Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) |
biofouling |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea |
by railway |
1920s |
Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) |
biofouling |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1994 |
Abra ovata (Philippi, 1893) |
benthos |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Sea of Azov |
introduction |
1940s |
Monodacna colorata (Eichwald, 1829) |
benthos |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea |
shipping |
1950s |
Lithogliphus naticoides C. Pfeiffer, 1828 |
benthos |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1971 |
Tenellia adspersa (Nordmann, 1844) |
biofouling |
Mediterranean |
+(?) |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1989 |
Crustacea (Cirripedia) |
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Balanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 |
biofouling, meroplankton |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1955 |
Balanus eburneus Gould, 1841 |
biofouling, meroplankton |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1950s |
Crustacea (Cladocera) |
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Penilia avirostris Dana, 1849 |
plankton |
Black Sea |
+(?) |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping? |
1982? |
Pleopis polyphemoides (Leukart, 1859) |
plankton |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1957 |
Podon intermedius Lilljeborg, 1853 |
plankton |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1985 |
Moina mongolica Daday, 1901 |
plankton |
Eurasia |
+? |
Kazakhstan? |
aeolian transfer |
2000? |
Crustacea (Copepoda) |
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Acartia clausi Giesbrecht, 1889 |
plankton |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1981 |
Acartia tonsa Dana, 1848 |
plankton |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
2000 |
Oithona similis Claus 1963 |
plankton |
Black Sea |
? |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
before 2004 |
Calanus euxinus (Hulsemann) |
plankton |
Black Sea |
? |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
before 2004 |
Sagitta setosa Muller 1847 |
plankton |
Black Sea |
? |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
before 2004 |
Calanipeda aquaedulcis Kritchagin, 1873 |
plankton |
Mediterranean |
? |
? |
? |
1968 |
Crustacea (Amphipoda) |
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Iphigenella shablensis (Carausu, 1943) |
plankton |
Black Sea |
? |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
2000 |
Corophium оrientalis Stock, 1960 |
plankton |
Mediterranean |
? |
? |
shipping |
2000 |
Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1966) |
nektobenthos |
Black Sea |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
? |
1950-60s |
Crustacea (Decapoda) |
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Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837 |
nektobenthos |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea |
unintentional introduction |
1930s |
P. adspersus Rathke, 1837 |
nektobenthos |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea |
unintentional introduction |
1930s |
Rhitropanopeus harrisi tridentata Maitland, 1874 |
benthos |
North America |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1950s |
Bryozoa |
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Lophopodella carteri (Hyatt, 1866) |
benthos, biofouling |
Indian-African |
+ |
? |
?? |
1960s |
Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1828) |
biofouling |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1958 |
Membranipora crustulenta (Pallas, 1766) |
biofouling |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1950s |
Bowerbankia imbricata (Adams, 1798) |
biofouling |
Mediterranean |
1959 |
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Kamptozoa |
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Barentsia benedeni Foetinger, 1886 |
biofouling |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea and Sea of Azov |
shipping |
1962 |
Pisces |
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Acipenser baerii baicalensis Nikolsky, 1896 |
nekton |
Siberia |
- |
? |
introduction |
1930s |
Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792) |
nekton |
North America |
- |
North America |
introduction |
1970s |
Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) |
nekton |
Atlantic |
- |
Europe |
introduction |
?1930s |
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) |
nekton |
East Asia |
?+ |
China/Europe |
introduction |
1955-1956 |
Hypophthalmichtys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) |
nekton |
East Asia |
+ |
China |
introduction |
1964-1977 |
Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1844) |
nekton |
East Asia |
+ |
China |
introduction |
1964-1977 |
Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) |
nekton |
East Asia |
+ |
China/Europe |
unintentional introduction |
1950-60s |
Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) |
nekton |
East Asia |
+ |
? |
introduction |
?1930s |
Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Pallas, 1773) |
nekton |
Arctic |
- |
Ob’ |
introduction |
1965 |
Oncorhyncus keta (Walbaum, 1792) |
nekton |
Pacific |
- |
North-East Asia |
introduction |
1962-1966 |
Oncorhyncus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) |
nekton |
Pacific |
- |
North-East Asia |
introduction |
1964 |
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) |
nekton |
Pacific |
- |
? |
introduction |
1975-1978 |
Parasalmo mikiss gairdneri Richardson 1863 |
nekton |
Pacific |
- |
? |
introduction |
1975-1978 |
Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 |
nekton |
Atlantic |
- |
?White Sea |
introduction |
? |
Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) |
nekton |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea |
introduction |
1930-1934 |
Liza haematocheilus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1845) |
nekton |
Pacific |
- |
Black Sea |
introduction |
1966, 1979 |
Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) |
nekton |
Mediterranean |
+ |
Black Sea |
introduction |
1930-1934 |
Gambusia affinis (Baird et Girard, 1853) |
nekton |
North America |
+ |
North America |
? introduction |
?1930s |
Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 |
nekton |
North America |
+ |
North America |
? introduction |
?1930s |
Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 |
nekton |
Europe |
+ |
? |
introduction and dispersal |
? |
Platichthys flesus luscus Pallas, 1811 |
nekton |
Mediterranean |
- |
Black Sea |
shipping |
1902, 1930s |
Psetta maeotica (Pallas, 1814) |
nekton |
Mediterranean |
- |
Black Sea |
introduction |
1930 |
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 |
nekton |
Atlantic |
- |
Black Sea |
introduction |
1902 |
Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
nekton |
Mediterranean |
- |
Black Sea |
introduction |
1933-1934 |
Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 |
nekton |
Mediterranean |
- |
Black Sea |
introduction |
1933-1934 |
Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) |
nekton |
North America |
? |
USA |
introduction |
1972 |