Раннечетвертичная история рода Archidiskodon (Proboscidea, Elephantidae) в Западной Сибири: к вопросу о промежуточных звеньях в филетической мамонтовой линии

И.В. Форонова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2018, 322(3): 241–258 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.3.241

Резюме

Статья посвящена ранним представителям линии Archidiskodon–Mammuthus из отложений нижнего плейстоцена юга Западной Сибири (Кузнецкая котловина). В пределах рода Archidiskodon описаны формы (A. meridionalis, A. m. tamanensis, A. m. voigtstedtensis, A. aff. wusti), представляющие собой последовательные стадии прогрессивного преобразования линии на раннем этапе ее развития. Морфометрические данные коренных зубов (М3) изучены с помощью авторского метода исследования группы, что позволило уточнить систематическую принадлежность рассматриваемых таксонов и их положение в структуре филетической мамонтовой линии. Показано, что форма, выделявшаяся ранее под названием «слон Вюста», но впоследствии отнесенная к виду M. trogontherii, значимо отличается от последнего по частоте и длине пластин. Она также хорошо выделяется статистически, и рассматривается, как самостоятельный и самый поздний таксон в составе архидискодонтной группы слонов. В структуре филетической мамонтовой линии A. wusti занимает четкую позицию промежуточной формы (своеобразного моста, по словам Г. Полига) между родами Archidiskodon и Mammuthus. Таким образом, с помощью многомерных диаграмм используемого авторского метода стало возможным приблизиться к выявлению так называемых промежуточных звеньев в мамонтовой линии. Обсуждаются также направление филетического развития и некоторые адаптации группы во второй половине раннего плейстоцена. Приводятся сведения о сопутствующей фауне и времени существования описанных видов на рассматриваемой территории.

Ключевые слова

Archidiskodon, биостратиграфия, ранний плейстоцен, Кузнецкая котловина, филетическая линия, моляры, Западная Сибирь

Поступила в редакцию 5 июля 2018 г. · Принята в печать 2 сентября 2018 г. · Опубликована 26 сентября 2018 г.

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