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A review of parasites of fishes from the European district of the Glacial province is given. The number of parasitic species known at present has amounted to 287. The distribution of parasites within systematic groups and the main genetic types of the fauna (faunistic complexes) is quoted. Species of arctic freshwater and boreal foothill faunistic complexes form the main body of the fauna of fish parasites in internal water bodies. The fauna of parasites of freshwater fishes from the European district is compared to that of the Siberian district. Certain peculiarities of the distribution of parasites of fishes in the limits of the European district are noted. The fauna of parasites of fishes from this district is heterogenous in its character and was formed in the postglacial period on account of immigrants from adjacent zoogeographic areas.

A possibility of participation of reservoir hosts (mammals) in the biological cycle of trematodes of the genus Paragonimus, which has recently been experimentally proved, is discussed. A man can become infected with paragonimiasis not only through raw crawfishes and crabs but also through unboiled meat of some mammals. The authors found out that man can serve as a reservoir host of these trematodes too. The larval (muscular) form of paragonimiasis discovered by the authors was already recorded from over 100 patients. New species and subspecies of Paragonimus and their certain characters are reported.

The morphology and biology of Cercaria rhionica XII n. sp. have been studied. The description of Cercaria rhionica XI Olenev et Dobrovolskij, 1957 (syn. Cercaria Mesostephanus appendiculatus), which had been studied earlier, were completed by new data on the sensor apparatus and different types of gland cells. The differential diagnosis of these two forms and closely related species is given. On the basis of the authors' own and literary data the taxonomical significance of some morphological characters of cyathocotylate cercariae are discussed. The structure of glandular apparatus is of especial importance for the description of this group of cercariae.

Three new species of monogeneans of the genus Haliotrema (Monogenea, Polyonchoi-nea) from gills of fishes of the families Chaetodontidae and Scaridae are described. Data are given on the distribution areas of the recorded hosts and groups they belong to. The specificity of these areas is regarded as an important factor for the knowledge of evolutionary processes in the "parasite-host" system that makes necessary further studies of these monogeneans.

A complex of possible vectors and reservoirs of infection in nature has been investigated in five different nidi of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome in the Primorje territory. 2455 ixodid ticks, 19 458 trombiculid mites, 10 942 gamasid mites and 2138 fleas were collected from 1700 small mammals. It has been established that every investigated nidus differs in a peculiar specific composition and ratio between small mammals and their ectoparasites.

Ultrastructure of chemoreceptor sensillae on antennae and maxillary palps of fleas of Ceratophyillus sciurorum is described. On antennae of fleas are the following types of sensillae: trichoid cuspidate and obtusate, fungoid, basiconical sensillae in olfactory fossae and on the surface of antennae. On maxillary palps there are trichoid cuspidate, basiconical and campaniform sensillae. A comparison was made of the composition and number of chemo- and mechanoreceptor sensillae in 14 species of fleas differing in the type of parasitism. It has been established that "nest" fleas have the greatest number of sensillae.

The plague microbe of the Ulegei subspecies is able to cause the stable infection of fleas of X. cheopis, which is accompanied by the formation of "block" in most individuals. The preservation of the plague agent in these ectoparasites is characterized by its variation in the number that undergoes cyclic changes depending on the feeding rate and digestion. The bloodsucking is accompanied by the excretion of some microbes and by the reproduction of the remaining ones in the midgut and proventriculus which lasts the whole 1 st stage while dense clots of erythrocytes are preserved in the intestine. In the course of blood digestion the reproduction of microbes is replaced by their dying off and when the digestion is over the quantity of microbes increases again. In this period small cocci, which form dense clots in the midgut and proventriculus, are the dominant form of microbes.

A new genus, Cephalocolax gen. nov., is erected for two species of copepods, Bomolochus mycterobius (Vervoort, 1965) and B. anonymus (Vervoort, 1965) (Bomolochidae), which differ considerably from other species of the genus Bomolochus von Nordmann, 1832. The diagnosis of the new genus is given. The third species, C. katsuwoni sp. n., is described. The species was found in the nasal cavity of Katsuwonus pelamis from the Bay of Bengal.

It has been established that the infection of larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the genus Aedes with microsporidians of Thelohania opacita Kudo results in changes of the size and weight of an infected individual, increase of water content in its organism and loss of a considerable part of energetic reserves.

The mollusc Cerithium vulgatum was first recorded as a new intermediate host of trematodes from the Black Sea. Two species of cercariae (Cercaria I and Cercaria II) parasitizing this mollusc were found and described. The general infestation of molluscs was 7.54 per cent. Eight species of larval trematodes parasitizing 7 other species of sea molluscs were found.

The distribution of populations and dynamics of the development of the most spread species Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771) was studied from 1977 to 1978 in the biotopes of the South Urals. It has been established that floodplain water bodies are typical hatching sites of these mosquitoes. The hatching of larvae from wintered eggs takes place in the end of March — beginning of April, the emergence of mosquitoes of the 1st generation — in the end of April — beginning of May. Mosquitoes become very abundant by the end of May — beginning of June and in June — July their abundance remains at the same level. The larvae of Ae. caspius are characterized by the agregated type of distribution.

The description and figures of Ptilonyssus muscicapoides sp. nov. from Ficedula hypoleuca (Pall.) and its comparison with the close species Ptilonyssus muscicapae Breg. are given.

For purifying the cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis and T. hominis from associating yeasts we inoculated them into the upper layer of a viscous medium containing 0.1% agar (Teras, 1955; Tompel, Teras, 1976) poured into a burette. On the 2nd or 3rd day after inoculating the first drops obtained from the lower end of the burette contained as a rule only trichomonads. For purifying the cultures of T. tenax from associating yeasts we prepared a special semisolid medium from the liquid egg medium (Wantland e. a., 1963) by adding agar (0.5%), levorine (50—600 units/1 ccm) and some pieces of solid egg medium (Hallmann, 1953). The curve of an U-tube was filled with this medium and into both branches pure liquid egg medium was poured. In a few days after inoculating the culture of T. tenax with yeasts into one branch of the tube we obtained from the other branch of the tube trichomonads without yeasts.

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