Ornithostoma sedgwicki – валидный таксон аждархоидных птерозавров

А.О. Аверьянов

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2012, 316(1): 40–49 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2012.316.1.40

Резюме

Ornithostoma sedgwicki Seeley, 1891 из нижнемелового (альб) кембриджского зеленого песчаника Англии представлен фрагментами беззубых челюстей, фрагментом задней части черепа с затылочным гребнем, и некоторыми костями посткраниального скелета, которые раньше относили к Lonchodectes. Ornithostoma относится к Azhdarchoidea на основании комбинации продвинутых признаков (отсутствие зубов, умеренно удлиненные среднешейные позвонки, отверстие пневматизации на передней стороне плечевой кости, крупное отверстие пневматизации на задней стороне бедренной кости у большого трохантера) и плезиоморфных признаков (дельтопекторальный гребень не загнут, угол между шейкой и телом бедренной кости меньше 145°). Строение затылочного гребня и плечевой кости сходно с таковыми у Tapejara, но Ornithostoma отличается от последнего таксона мощным медиальным гребнем на затылке, предположительно связанным с более удлиненной ростральной частью черепа. В нижнем мелу Великобритании существовало, по крайней мере, три таксона базальных аждархоидов.

Ключевые слова

Azhdarchoidea, Lonchodectes, ранний мел, Ornithostoma, Pterosauria

Поступила в редакцию 2 февраля 2012 г. · Принята в печать 27 февраля 2012 г. · Опубликована 23 марта 2012 г.

Литература

Andres B.B. and Ji Q. 2008. A new pterosaur from the Liaoning Province of China, the phylogeny of the Pterodactyloidea, and convergence in their cervical vertebrae. Palaeontology, 51: 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00761.x

Averianov A.O. 2007. New records of azhdarchids (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia. Paleontological Journal, 41: 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030107020098

Averianov A.O. 2010. The osteology of Azhdarcho lancicollis Nessov, 1984 (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 314: 264–317.

Bennett S.C. 1994. Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas, 169: 1–70.

Bennett S.C. 2001. The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon. Part I. General description and osteology. Paläontographica, Abteilung A: Paläozoologie, Stratigraphie, 260: 1–112.

Bogolubov N.N. 1914. [On the pterodactyl vertebra from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Saratov Province]. Ezhegodnik po Geologii i Mineralogii Rossii, 16: 1–7. [In Russian].

Buffetaut E., Grigorescu D. and Csiki Z. 2003. Giant azhdarchid pterosaurs from the terminal Cretaceous of Transylvania (western Romania). In: E. Buffetaut and J.–M. Mazin (Eds.). Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publication, 217: 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.09

Buisonje P.H. de. 1980. Santanadactylus brasilensis nov. gen., nov. sp., a long necked, large pterosaurier from the Aptian of Brazil. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series B, 83: 145–172.

Dong Z., Sun Y. and Wu S. 2003. On a new pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Chaoyang Basin, Western Liaoning, China. Global Geology, 22: 1–7.

Eck K., Elgin R.A. and Frey E. 2011. On the osteology of Tapejara wellnhoferi Kellner, 1989 and the first occurrence of a multiple specimen assemblage from the Santana Formation, Araripe Basin, NE-Brazil. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 130: 277–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-011-0024-5

Gilmore C.W. 1928. A new pterosaurian reptile from the marine Cretaceous of Oregon. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 73: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.73-2745.1

Hooley R.W. 1914. On the ornithosaurian genus Ornithocheirus, with a review of the specimens of the Cambridge Greensand in the Sedgwick Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 13: 529–557.

Howse S.C.B. 1986. On the cervical vertebrae of the Pterodactyloidea (Reptilia: Archosauria). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 88: 307–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931408693521

Ibrahim N., Unwin D.M., Martill D.M., Baidder L. and Zouhri S. 2010. A new pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. PLoS ONE, 5: e10875. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010875

ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. London, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o The Natural History Museum. 306 p.

Kellner A.W.A. 1996. Description of the braincase of two Early Cretaceous pterosaurs (Pterodactyloidea) from Brazil. American Museum Novitates, 3175: 1–34.

Kellner A.W.A. and Tomida Y. 2000. Description of a new species of Anhangueridae (Pterodactyloidea) with comments on the pterosaur fauna from the Santana Formation (Aptian–Albian), northeastern Brazil. National Sciences Museum Monographs, 17: 1–135.

Lü J., Gao C., Liu J., Meng Q. and Ji Q. 2006. New material of the pterosaur Eopteranodon from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, western Liaoning, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 25: 565–571.

Lü J. and Ji Q. 2005. New azhdarchid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of western Liaoning. Acta Geologica Sinica, 79: 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00893.x

Lü J., Unwin D.M., Xu L. and Zhang X. 2008. A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny and evolution. Naturwissenschaften, 95: 891–897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0397-5

Lü J. and Zhang B. 2005. New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. Geological Review, 51: 458–462.

Lydekker R. 1904. Vertebrate paleontology. In: J.E. Marr and A.E. Shipley (Eds.). Handbook to the Natural History of Cambridgeshire. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511694516.005

Martill D.M. 2011. A new pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Santana Formation (Cretaceous) of Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 32: 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.008

Nesov L.A. 1991. [Giant flying reptiles of the family Azhdarchidae. I. Morphology, systematics]. Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, Seriya 7: Geologiya, Geografiya, 2(14): 14–23. [In Russian]

Owen R. 1859. Supplement (No. I) to the Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. Order Pterosauria Owen, genus Pterodactylus Cuvier. Monographs of the Palaeontological Society of London: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693445.1859.12027920

Owen R. 1860. On the vertebral characters of the order Pterosauria, as exemplified in the genera Pterodactylus (Cuv.) and Dimorphodon (Ow.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 149: 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1859.0008

Owen R. 1861. Supplement (No. III) to the Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. Order Pterosauria Owen, genus Pterodactylus Cuvier. Monographs of the Palaeontological Society of London: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693445.1861.12027925

Padian K. 1986. A taxonomic note on two pterodactyloid families. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 6: 289. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1986.10011624

Seeley H.G. 1869. Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata Arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge, Deighton, Bell & Co. XXIII+143 p.

Seeley H.G. 1870. The Ornithosauria: An Elementary Study of the Bones of Pterodactyles, Made from Fossil Remains Found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand. Cambridge, Deighton, Bell, and Co. X+135 p.

Seeley H.G. 1871. Additional evidence of the structure of the head in ornithosaurs from the Cambridge Upper Greensand; being a supplement to “The Ornithosauria”. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 7: 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937108696309

Seeley H.G. 1875. On an ornithosaurian (Doratorhynchus validus) from the Purbeck Limestone of Langton near Swanage. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 31: 465–468. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1875.031.01-04.35

Seeley H.G. 1891. On the shoulder girdle in Cretaceous Ornithosauria. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 7: 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939109460638

Unwin D.M. 2001. An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand (Cretaceous) of Eastern England. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe, 4: 189–221. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.4860040112

Unwin D.M. 2003. On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs. In: E. Buffetaut and J.-M. Mazin (Eds.). Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publication, 217: 139–190. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.11

Wang X. and Zhou Z. 2003. Two new pterodactyloid pterosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 41: 34–41.

Wellnhofer P. 1991. Weitere Pterosaurierfunde aus der Santana-Formation (Apt) der Chapada do Araripe, Brasilien. Paläontographica, Abteilung A: Paläozoologie, Stratigraphie, 215: 43–101.

Wellnhofer P. and Buffetaut E. 1999. Pterosaur remains from the Cretaceous of Morocco. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 73: 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987987

Wellnhofer P. and Kellner A.W.A. 1991. The skull of Tapejara wellnhoferi Kellner (Reptilia: Pterosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation of the Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie, 31: 89–106.

Williston S.W. 1895. Note on the mandible of Ornithostoma. Kansas University Quarterly, 4: 61. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.7784

Williston S.W. 1896. On the skull of Ornithostoma. Kansas University Quarterly, 4: 195–197. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.7785

Williston S.W. 1897. Restoration of Ornithostoma (Pteranodon). Kansas University Quarterly, 6: 35–51.

Witton M.P. 2010. Pteranodon and beyond: the history of giant pterosaurs from 1870 onwards. In: R.T.J. Moody, E. Buffetaut, D. Naish and D.M. Martill (Eds.). Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Saurians: A Historical Perspective. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 343: 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP343.19

Witton M.P., Martill D.M. and Green M. 2009. On pterodactyloid diversity in the British Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) and a reappraisal of “Palaeornis” cliftii Mantell, 1844. Cretaceous Research, 30: 676–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2008.12.004

Zhou C. 2010. New material of Chaoyangopterus (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 257: 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0081