Скорость полета певчего дрозда (Turdus philomelos) во время осенней ночной миграции

М.В. Воротков и А.Ю. Синельщикова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2014, 318(1): 12–23 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2014.318.1.12

Резюме

Мигрирующих ночью птиц наблюдали с помощью электронно-оптической системы регистрации. Из потока ночных мигрантов певчих дроздов выделяли на основе линейных размеров, рисунка полета и фенологических данных. Воздушная скорость полета дроздов варьирует в зависимости от направления и скорости ветра: при увеличении встречной компоненты ветра она увеличивается относительно своего значения при штиле, а при увеличении попутной компоненты ветра – уменьшается. Воздушная скорость дроздов, летящих миграционным полетом, пропорциональна эффективной частоте взмахов, рассчитанной для серий взмахов и пауз между ними. При этом в условиях полета при разных ветрах птицы поддерживают оптимальную физиологическую частоту взмахов в узком диапазоне, а изменяют свою воздушную скорость преимущественно за счет длительности инерционной фазы полета. Воздушная скорость мигрирующих осенью певчих дроздов в наибольшей степени соответствует теоретически ожидаемой скорости, при которой энергетическая стоимость полета минимальна.

Ключевые слова

ночная миграция, певчий дрозд, скорость полета, частота взмахов

Поступила в редакцию 12 августа 2013 г. · Принята в печать 5 февраля 2014 г. · Опубликована 25 марта 2014 г.

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