Позднеплейстоценовая гиена Crocuta ultima ussurica (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) из палеолитической стоянки в пещере Географического общества на Дальнем Востоке России

Г.Ф. Барышников

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2014, 318(3): 197–225   ·   https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2014.318.3.197

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Резюме

Исследованы ископаемые остатки гиены из пещеры Географического общества (Geographical Society Cave) на юге Приморского края, Россия, которые отнесены к Crocuta ultima ussurica. Радиоуглеродные даты помещают время формирования костеносного слоя к теплой стадии позднего плейстоцена (MIS 3). Показаны морфологические отличия C. ultima ussurica от C. crocuta spelaea; первый вид обладал более крупными (относительно размеров черепа) щечными зубами с костедробящей адаптацией, в то время как озубление второго вида имело более хищническую специализацию. Тафономический анализ костного скопления в пещере указывает на то, что она использовалась гиенами как логово; не обнаружено существенных различий между гиеновыми логовами в Европе/Западной Сибири и Дальнем Востоке России. Предполагается два сменяющих друг друга хроноподвида: C. ultima ultima из среднего плейстоцена Китая и C. u. ussurica из позднего плейстоцена Дальнего Востока и Китая.

Ключевые слова

Hyaenidae, поздний плейстоцен, палеолитические пещерные стоянки, Дальний восток России, тафономия, таксономия

Поступила в редакцию 14 апреля 2014 г.  ·  Принята в печать 28 августа 2014 г.  ·  Опубликована 25 сентября 2014 г.

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