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Postembryonic development of Paraphelenchus myceliophthorus has been studied. The first molt takes place inside the egg-shell; outside the latter 3 molts were revealed, dividing 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th stage juveniles, and the adults. Descriptions of morphology of all juvenile stages were given, as well as morphology of all molting juveniles and adults. Stages of development differ in the genital primordium structure and in body length. In juveniles of 3^rd and 4^th stage the sex of juvenile can be distinguished — male juveniles have cloacal primordium, whereas female juveniles have vulval primordium. In male 3^rd stage juveniles the large germinal cell is situated in the posterior part of the genital primordium, whereas female 3rd stage juvenile has the large germinal cell in the anterior part of the genital primordium. Adults differ from juveniles in the presence of copulative structures — vulva in adult female and spicules in male. The adult male has caudal alae (bursa) in the form of lateral cutucular folds and 4 pairs of caudal papillae, one preanal pair at mid-spicule level and 3 postanal pairs - p1 situated just posterior to cloacal opening, p2 at mid tail, p3 and p4 on the tail terminus. An unpaired papilla is also present just anterior to the cloacal opening. Gubernaculum is present. The tracery inner tail framework supporting the spicules has been described. In females 2 pairs of tail tip tuberculi are present, and 2 ventral ones are distinctly longer than 2 dorsal ones. These tuberculi correspond to p3 and p4 pairs of papillae in male and are homologous to tail tip papillae of the Aphelenchus females, which earlier were considered to be phasmids. These 4 tuberculi are joined with 4 one-celled glands of tail terminus.

Comparative study of lipid metabolism parameters in amphipods (Gammaridae) of the White Sea infested by helminthes Podocotyle atomon (Trematoda), Levinseniella propinqua (Trematoda) and Hymenolepis microsoma (Cestoda) during different seasons was performed. It is shown that increase in the parameters of infestation induced amplification of the defense reaction of host organism, which exhibited itself by the shift in the contents of the basic membranous lipids and by the increased activity of membrane-bound enzymes, such as cytochrome P-450, at the level of the biochemical parameters examined. Since autumn increased content of phosphatidylcholine and ratio phosphatidylcholine/phosphati-dylethanolamine in crustacean lipid composition was recorded. The role of phosphatidylcholine in the change of liquid-crystal state of membranes and its role as an effector of peroxidase activity of cytochrome P-450 in the amphipods infested by helminthes are discussed.

Morphofunctional changes induced by the tapeworm in the thymus and blood of its definitive host, by an example of the experimental model «Diphyllobothrium dendriticum — Mesocricetus auratus», have been investigated. The morphofunctional changes in the thymus and immunological transformations in the organism of infested hamster are evidences of rather high immunogenic effect of the D. dendriticum antigens on the definitive host at the period of active growth of the parasites.

Comparison of myxosporidian species compositions in different flatfish species from Peter the Great Bay showed that the flatfishes should be divided into three ecological groups — deep water (scaly-eyed plaice Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi, Korean flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri, flatheaded flounder Hippoglossoides dubius, and pinewood flounder Cleisthenes herzensteini), relatively coastal (yellow-finned sole Limanda aspera and brown sole Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini), and coastal (Japanese flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, long-snouted flounder Limanda punctatissimus, starry flounder Platichthys stellatus, and white-bellied flounder Lepidopsetta mochigarei). This division coincides in general with the previously proposed ecological classification based on the characteristics of bathymetric distribution and preference to water layers during summer period in the fishes.

Helminth fauna of Bufo raddei from Transbaikalia has been studied in 2003—2007. Eleven species of parasites Nematoda were found in this host, namely Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788), Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), Oswaldocruzia yezoensis Morishita, 1926, Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802), Raphidascaris acus larvae, Aplectana acuminata (Schrank, 1788), Aplectana multipapillosa Ivanitzky, 1940, Cosmocerca commutata (Diesing, 1851), Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845), Cosmocercoids pulcher (Wilkie, 1930), and Spiroxis contortus, (Rudolphi, 1819). Morhometric characters of the helminthes are given. Parasites belonging to Monogenea, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Acanthocephala were not found in 382 examined specimens of Bufo raddei.

Description of a new cestode species Vampirolepis insula sp. n. parasitizing Ambliotus nilssonni (Keyserling et Blasius, 1839 and Plecotus auritus Linnaeus, 1758 from the islands Sakhalin and Kunashir is given. The new species is closely related to the species group within the genus Vampirolepis having 30 rostellar hooks 0.020—0.022 mm length with the blades shorter than guard. The group includes V. balsaci (Joyeux et Baer, 1934) Spassky, 1954, Sawada, 1974 and V. ozensis Sawada, 1974. The main differential character of the new species is the position of genital pores on the left side of proglottides. Moreover, the new species differs from V. balsaci and V. ozensis by almost twice larger size of scolex, suckers, and rostellum. Vampirolepis insula sp. n. also differs from V. ogaensis and V. ozensis by a larger size of ovary and vitelline gland.

Abudance of adult ixodid ticks on pastures situated near villages of East Kazakhstan Province has been festinated using the method or exhaustive capture. The number of adult ticks collected by flagging in the pastures with different ecological conditions varied in spring and autumm periods from 513 to 1036 per hectare. Dermacentor marginatus was found to be absolutely dominating species; D. reticulatus showed small abundance; Ixodes pavlovskyi, I. persulcatus and Haemaphysalis concinna occurred sporadically in few pastures. The diversity of tick fauna correlates with the diversity of cover in pasture. In our collections females dominated over males constituting 60—70% of adult ticks.

Faunistic study of horseflies was performed during 2007—2009 in forest zone of Omsk region; 6206 horsefly specimens from 27 species were collected. Taking into consideration the collections of Tabanidae made by Alifanov and Rastegaeva during the 1950s, 30 species of horseflies are present in the territory under consideration. The species of Tabanidae characteristic for European steppe and European forest zone were found to be dominants; the species of Siberian taiga zone were rather numerous; representatives of Far Eastern forest faunistic complex occurred sporadically. In comparison with 1950s, the pattern of domination of the horsefly fauna has been changed. Hybomitra montana montana, H. nitidifronts, and Tabanus miki left the group of dominants, while H. muehlfeldi, which was not recorded previously, became numerous, and the abundance of H. ciureai is significantly increased.

Collections of blacfklies from Iran have been examined; four species were recorded. Three new species are described — Tetisimulium iranicum sp. n., Wilhelmia lurestanica sp. n., and Crosskeyellum zagros sp. n. Presence of Tetisimulium coarctatum (Rubzov, 1940) in Iran is confirmed.

Two species of Coccidia, Eimeria truttae (Leger et Hesse, 1919) and Eimeria lydiae (Lukes et Kepr, 1992), have been found for the first time in the trout Salmo trutta from the rivers of Kaliningrad Region, Russia.

Summary is absent.