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Summary is absent.

An analyisis is given of the occurrence of large taxonomic units of piroplasmids in large taxonomic groups of hosts. The adaptation of some species of these parasites to different species of vertebrate animals was evaluated too. These studies have shown that certain families of piroplasmids normally parasitise only definite classes and genera only definite orders of their hosts. In most cases hosts having common parasites are very close phylogenetically.

Myxobolus mülleri, M. dispar, M. cyprinicola, Henneguya psorospermica, Thelohanellus oculi-leucisci, Kudoa sp. were studied. Fixation with Champy liquid and the subsequent treatment with Na₂S were carried out. The distribution of osmiophil inclusions in cysts of the above forms is shown. It is noted that the fat treated with osmium lies in the cavity of the spore near polar capsules. The quantities of lipid inclusions of the above species were compared. The excretory nature of lipid inclusions in spores of Mixosporidia and their hydrostatic role were suggested.

Studies were carried out on the survival of non-sporulated and sporulated oocysts of Coccidia of birds on the surface of soil and at various depths under conditions prevailing in the southern Ukraina. Within winter-spring period no more than 3.0 ± 1.5% of immature oocysts of Coccidia can sporulate and preserve their viability. Preservation of sporulated oocysts takes place mostly at a depth of 5, 10 and 20 cm from where are recorded 35.7 ± 2.4%, 39.1 ± 2.3% and 40.6 ± 2.4% of viable Coccidia, respectively. The obtained data can be used for the control and prophylaxis of coccidiosis invasion.

At present 93 species and 10 subspecies of fleas of 32 genera and 7 families are known from Iran. For the first time their complete systematic list, distribution over 11 provinces of Iran and occurrence on all known in Iran mammal hosts are given.

Eggs, larvae and pupae of the new species Culicoides filicinus were found in radical parts of Athyrium filix L. and between stems of this plant. Within a year only one generation develops. C. filicinus is an autogenic species.

112 second stage larvae of Hypoderma bovis de Geer were found under the skin of back and loin of 28 sheep and one goat in the Tjumen district.

The paper describes five new species as follows: Multisetosa pinguis sp. n., M. nitens sp. n., M. compta sp. n., Odontacarus primarius sp. n. and O. communis sp. n. Chigger mites were found in Central Kara-Kum, West Kopetdag and Badkhyz on various species of rodents and on one species of lizards. Keys are given for all species of the genera Multisetosa and Odontacarus recorded from Turkmenia.

In the Caucasus Minor (Azerbaijan) the greatest species variety and the highest number of trombiculids are recorded from the foot-hill zone. Here territories of semidesert nature, occupied by cultivated crops are the main sites of reservation. In the mountain zone upland steppes serve as the place of reservation. The specific variety and number of trombiculids decrease with hight. This general regularity is not typical only to Neotrombicula talmiensis, N. vulgaris and N. autumnalis which prevail in mountain and alpine zones. The specific variety and number of trombiculids depends on the complex of abiotic factors (climate, soil structure, nature of vegetation cover) rather than on the variety and abundance of hosts.

Experimental infection of oligochaetes of the orders Lumbricomorpha and Naidomorpha with invasional eggs of Porrocaecum ensicaudatum has shown that only oligochaetes of the order Lumbricomorpha, both soil and aquatic, can serve as intermediate hosts of this parasite.

Results are described of hystochemical studies of epithelial mucopolysaccharides from mucous coat of the stomach of pigs infected with acaropsosis. A qualitative characteristic is given of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides depending on the duration of the invasion. Mucopolysaccharides were found in great quantity in the integumentary epithelium, additional cells and in mucus enveloping helminths. Mucopolysaccharides form a peculiar biological membrane protecting tissues from mechanical and toxic effect of the parasite. Hypersecretory mucoidosis forms the basis of the above process.

Description of new species from nasal cavity of Abramis brama (the Volga river) and considerations on archaism of all groups of Pellucidhaptor are given.

A new species and genus of cestode, Spinilepis turnicis gen. et sp. nov. (fam. Dilepididae) is described from Turnix tanki of Primorye. These cestodes are characterized by two rows of large hooks on proboscis, irregularly alternating genital openings, sac-shaped uterus and by having a brush of long setae on cirrus. Eggs have thick shell and slight projections on the poles.

The life cycle of the trematode Hasstilesia ochotonae parasitic in Ochotona rutila from Zailijsky Alatau was studied. The development of trematodes proceed with one intermediate host, terrestrial mollusks Vertigo alpestris and Pupilla triplicata (Pupillidae). In mollusk's liver a cercariae-forming sporocyst develops from miracidiums. Inside the sporocyst cercariae transform into metacercariae. Piskas become infected with Hasstilesia through eating with grass mollusks infested with metacercariae.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.