Specificity and evolutionary transformation of jaw musculature in Laonastes aenigmamus and Ctenodactylus gundi (Ctenodactyloidea, Rodentia)

E.G. Potapova

Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 2015, 319(3): 401–417 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2015.319.3.401

Full text

Abstract

Comparison of the gundi (Ctenodactylus gundi) and the Laotian rock rat (Laonastes aenigmamus) with other rodents showed that the structural type of their jaw apparatus (including also masticatory muscle architecture) most closely corresponds to that of the hystricognathous rodents, despite its pronounced specificity. In the gundi its construction might be considered as an example of the advanced, highly specialized variant of this type, in the Laotian rock rat – as its generalized, basic for Ctenohystrica variant. In its design not only hystricognathous but also sciurognathous characters are combined, which could be inherent in ancestors of this clade. The both species use chewing associated with anteroposterior movements of the mandible. It requires differentiation of muscles into vertical and horizontal components. In the considered forms this differentiation is realized in different ways: in the gundi – by the change of an obliquity of the whole muscles, and in Laonastes – by the inclination of separate parts of each of them. In the gundi it is connected with simplification of internal structure of the masseter and temporal muscles, and in the Laotian rock rat, on the contrary – by its complication. Homologous elements of the masticatory muscles in these species can create differently directed efforts, and vice versa. It was showed that evolutionary transformation of the jaw apparatus in the gundi was connected not only with food specialization, but also with adaptations of acoustical and visual analyzers. In the Laotian rock rat the structure of this system didn’t undergo essential adaptive changes.

Key words

morphological specialization, jaw apparatus, masticatory muscles, Ctenodactylus, Laonastes

Submitted June 12, 2015 · Accepted August 31, 2015 · Published September 25, 2015

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