Том 1, 2000, стр. 4–75. Опубликован 30 октября 2000 г.

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Nineteen Eirenis medus were caught as a result of the survey conducted in May, 13-15 1983 in suburbs of Gaudan village (the Central Copetdag, Turkmenistan) at 110-1600 meters asl. The reptiles were caught in the day-time.

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Analysis of the sand lizards alteration within the same habitat so as its morphological attributes follows the field survey data, collected in 1993-1999. The study of the materials, concerning the matter, collected by Saratov university zoological museum has also contributed to the analysis. It has been found that the skin color and the body outline of the sand lizards are changeable. For sand lizards' populations both west and east of the Volga sand lizards with brown (34.0 and 44.5% correspondingly) or green (20.9 and 40.5%) occur. The most rare skin color for sand lizards to the east of the Volga opposite Saratov is olive-green (6.5%) and gray (10.0%) in the west of it. No considerable variations are noted in the data on pholidosis of sand lizards in the northern part of the Lower Volga area in comparison with likewise data for the south-west of Russia came from literature. However, the number of Sq., P.f. and Na. decreases to the north, east and west, while in the southern territories it reaches higher numbers. Besides, the number of Ventr., G. and Lor. is somewhat higher for lizards within the northern, southern and eastern zones, occupied by the subspecies. As discussed below the lizards occupy various lands within the study territory. However, the species prefers the stations with intricate microrelief. The study territory is populated by various biotopes with apparent ecotonic features. These bio-topes have been transformed under the human impacts. The sand lizard in the northern part of the Lower Volga area appears in spring, in the first ten days of April. The wintering period starts in the second half of September, though in warm years lizards may occur till the second half of October. In spring the sand lizard demonstrates single-peak and in summer double-peak activity. As a result of measuring body temperature of 49 lizards that of 18.2-40.1°C appears to match active status of the reptiles. However, the best temperature range for lizards to keep high activity rate is 26-34.0°C. As 175 lizards' gastrointestinal tracts have been investigated (the lizards were caught in the suburbs of Saratov) the insects appear to be the main food of the reptiles. During the reptiles activity period the insects have been found in 100 per cent of the stomachs examined. The other classes are relatively poor presented in the food pattern of the lizards.

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This paper presents the provisional conclusions of the three-years-term study (1996-1998) pursued within the territories of several districts of Kazan. The chief purpose of the study was to create the cadastre of both amphibians and reptiles for Kazan and adjacent territories, newly urbanized. The cadastre was to have its base in the collected materials, publications and personal reports.

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Mustard gas (stock) water solutions effect on the lowest vertebrates was investigated while observing marsh frogs and green toads. The green toad was found to be the most sensitive to the polluted water, while the marsh frog - the most toleran one.

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Contemporary researches show the emerald lizard to occur within the study area less frequently than reported earlier. The lizard distribution is limited to inundated and neighbouring lands along the Dniestr, the Southern Bug and their tributaries. In Podolye region active lizards may be observed from the 1st half of April till the middle of October. Breeding period starts soon after lizards leave their hibernation shelters, in the first half of May. Hatching takes place in June, the 1st half of July. 6 to 14 this-year-born-lizards (average -9) with body size of 39.7 to 58.6 mm appear from second half of July and in August. The eggs size before young lizards leave them is 8.4-9.5 or 12.4-14.1 mm (at n=15 the size is 8.9x0.06, 13.3x0.08). Before hiberna-tion this-year-young-lizard body reaches 69.0 mm long. Food pattern of the emerald lizard corre-lates with invertebrates within each biotop. The lizards food preferences are Coleptera, Diptera, Arachnoidea, Homoptera, etc. Being an important low-abundant component in the forest-steppe biocenosis at the edge of the species range and taking into account ever-growing human affect the emerald lizard in Vinnitsky region should be entered into the regional Red data book.

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A certain sex ratio trends were noted as two amphibian species were surveyed in the western Precaucasus. In the pure reservoirs the sex ratio was in favor of males among adults, while in the polluted ones females favored.

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Acid proteinases and trypsin were found active in the developing foregut of a Rana ridibunda tadpole. The activity of proteinases in the tadpole foregut grew in the course of metamorphosis.

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Relying on the analysis of the materials collected at the Zoological museum of the Saratov State University and the data came from literature the Phrynocephalus guttatus population in the Lower Volga area is spread either over hard and loose sands or sands' modifications northward, up to Peskovatka village in the Gorodischensky region of Volgograd province. The investigation shows that the local populations in the sands along the Don in Volgograd province fall into the nominative subspecies (Ph. g. guttatus Gmel., 1789).

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Adder in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) is presented by two color forms- black and light coloured with zigzag line. Everywhere in RT predominate blackenning form (94-98%), it on the number of abdominal scales (Ventr.), scales around the snake body (Sq.) and colouration close to the Nikolski viper and reliability from adder.

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We have studied the variability of green toads morphological factors in the habitats of the Lower Volga area and Rostov region. To detect geographical variability we used 24 morphological factors. The results of the fieldwork revealed that the body dimensions of toads decreased in the habitats westward and southward from the optimum habitat.

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The fieldwork conducted in Turkmenistan has resulted in a conclusion to treat Coluber rhodorachis (Jan, 1865) and C. ladacensis Anderson, 1871 as two forms of the same species of C. rhodorachis. Natural hybrids of C. rhodorachis and C. karelini, described earlier by a number of the authors, appear to be color forms of C. karelini.

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The study concerns with the status of the reptiles in the reserve of «Privolzhskaya lesostep». Seven species of reptiles are registered in the territory of the reserve. Some ecological (biotopic trends, abundance, food references) and morphological factors (number of scales, color variability) of abundant reptiles are revealed.