White Sea Biological Station "Kartesh"

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Victor Berger

D.Sc.

White Sea Biological Station
Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences
Universitetskaya nab., 1
199034, St.-Petersburg, Russia
Tel: +7(812) 7140097
Fax: +7(812) 7140444
E-mail: berger.vic@gmail.com

Research interests: Marine ecology, adaptations of aquatic animals to the environmental factors, biological resources of the White Sea.

Education:
1961-1966 Leningrad (St.Petersburg) State University, Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology (Diploma of the higher education)

Membership:
Russian Hydrobiological Society
Ichthyological Committee
Vice-Editor of the "Proceedings of the Zoological Institute"
SCANBALT ACADEMY

Main research areas:
Mechanisms of adaptation of molluscs and others invertebrates from the White, Barents, Okhotsky, Japanese and other seas were investigated on the population, organism, cellular and molecular level. Protein and RNA synthesis, cell hydration, ion and amino acids content, cellular resistance, osmolarity of the internal medium and other characteristics of water-salt exchange were investigated, electrophoresis of a number of proteins as well as inhibitory analysis were carried out, influence of trematodes on adaptation of molluscs to salinity changes was studied. Concept of two relatively independent systems of adaptation to extreme and moderate changes in the environmental salinity is founded. Distinctions in the mechanisms of resistance and tolerance on different levels of integration of the biological systems were shown. Ecological, morphological and functional aspects of adaptation and effect of parasites on the host adaptation system are considered. Problems of formation of fauna of reservoirs with various salinity regimes are analyzed.

Distribution and abundance of basic elements of fauna and flora of the White Sea are analyzed. Production processes taking place in the White Sea at different levels of the organization of biosystems - from bacterio- and phytoplankton to sea mammals - are characterized. It is shown that by a number of characteristics (organic substances content, chlorophyll concentration, phytoplankton production, etc.) the productivity of the White Sea is not less than that of the Barents Sea. It is established that stocks of fishes and higher level consumers are not limited by production of zooplankton and zoo benthos. They can be considerably higher than registered at present. Purposeful efforts aimed at the restoration of the population structure and stocks of valuable trade objects as well as their cultivation should be undertaken to provide the restoration of former higher level of the catch.

Publications

Boulion V.V., Berger V.Ja. 2020. Modeling and Reconstruction of the Biotic Energy Flow in the White Sea Ecosystem on the Bases of Balance Principle. Oceanology, 60(2), 233-243.
Exploration, sustainable use and protection of natural resources of the White Sea. Proceedings of the XIII conference, Saint Petersburg, Zoological Institute RAS, 2017, 290 p. (In Russian).
Mityaev M.V., Gerasimova M.V., Berger V.Ja. 2017. Suspended Particulate Matter and Vertical Fluxes of Sedimentary Material in Bays of the Murmansk (Barents Sea) and Karelian (White Sea) Coasts. Oceanology, 57, N2, p. 306-314.
Berger V. Ya., Mityaev M. V., Sukhotin A. A. 2016. Practical wet oxidation experiment to determine concentrations of particulate organic matter in seawater. Oceanology, 56, 2: 307-310.
Podlipaeva Yu. I., Goodkov A. V., Berger V.Ya. 2016. Content of 70 kDa stress protein during acclimation of mussel Mytilus edulis L. to low salinity. Tsitologia, 57(7): 562-566. (In Russsian)
Berger V.Ya., Bryazgin V.F., Naumov A.D., Khalaman V.V. 2015. Bioproductional potential of Karelian waters in the White Sea. In: Commercial invertebrates: VIII All-Russian scientific conference on commercial invertebrates: Proceedings of Reports. – Kaliningrad: KGTU Publishing, 2015, pp. 19-21.
Mityaev M.V., Berger V.Ja. 2014. Seasonal variability of seston concentration in Chupa Inlet (the White Sea). Okeanologia, 54, 3, 368-377 (In Russian).
Sukhotin A.A., Berger V.Ja., Naumov A.D. 2014. A rare encounter of a walrus in the White Sea. Priroda, 3: 71-73. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Podlipaeva Yu.I. 2013. Stress proteins and environmental salinity. In: N.V. Aladin and A.O. Smurov (Eds.). Fifty years of the concept of critical salinity. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, V. 317, Supplement 3: 22-31. (In Russian).
Bakhmet I.N., Berger V.Ja., Komendantov A.Yu., Smurov A.O., Khalaman V.V. 2013. Investigation of the cardiac activity of three species of Bivalvia (Mytilus edulis L., Modiolus modiolus L. and Hiatella arctica L.) under salinity changes. In: N.V. Aladin and A.O. Smurov (Eds.). Fifty years of the concept of critical salinity. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, V. 317, Supplement 3: 63-68. (In Russian).
Sukhotin A., Berger V. 2013. Long-term monitoring studies as a powerful tool in marine ecosystem research. Hydrobiologia, 706: 1-9.
Berger V.Ja., Naumov A.D., Sukhotin A.A. 2012. Conclusion. In: V.Ja. Berger (Ed.) Biological Resources of the White Sea: Investigation and Exploitation. Zoological Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg: 320-331. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Bulion V.V. 2012. Assessment of fish stocks through the White Sea ecosystem analysis. Problems in Fisheries Oceanology, vol 9, 1: 171-191. (In Russian).
Biological Resources of the White Sea: Investigation and Exploitation. 2012. Edited by V.Ja. Berger. Zoological Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg.
Podlipaeva Y.I., Berger V.Ja. 2012. The Effect of Environmental Salinity on the Level of Heat Shock Proteins in Gill Epithelium of mussel Mytilus edulis L. Cell and Tissue Biology. Vol. 6, Nos. 5-6, 498-502.
Berger V.Ja., Mityaev M.V. 2012. Seasonal and interannual variation in the particulate organic matter in the White Sea. Problems in Fisheries Oceanology, vol 9, 2: 123-134. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. Production of macrophytes. 2012. In: V.Ja. Berger (Ed.) Biological Resources of the White Sea: Investigation and Exploitation. Zoological Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg: 149-158. (In Russian).
Alekseev A.P., Berger V.Ja. 2011. Biological resources of the White Sea: Commercial fishing depression and solutions. Problems of Fisheries V. 12, no. 2(46): 319-331. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja. 2011. Production of eel-grass Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 in the White Sea. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, vol. 37, no. 5: 371–375.
Alekseev A.P., Berger V. Ja. 2011. Is the White Sea needed today for Russia? Fish Farming and Fisheries, 1: 7-13. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Sukhotin A.A. 2010. Biological resources of the White Sea, their production potential and rational exploitation. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 80, 11: 968-973. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ya. 2009. Production of fucoid brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus in the White Sea. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, V 35, N 5: 413-415.
Alimov A.F., Alekseev A.P., Berger V.Ya. 2008. Mariculture as a way of increase of the White Sea biological resources. Vestnik RAS, 78 (9): 792–799. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Primakov I.M. 2007. The estimation of the primary production in the White Sea. Biologiya Morya, 33, 1: 54–58. (In Russian).
Primakov I.M., Berger V.Ya. 2007. Production of Planktonic Crustaceans in the White Sea. Russian Journal of Marine Biology. Vol. 33, No. 5: 305–310. (Original Russian Text published in Biologiya Morya).
Berger V.Ya., Galkina V.N., Primakov I.M. 2007. Productivity of plankton of the White Sea. In: D.I. Ivanov (Editor), Researches on ichthyology and related subjects on internal reservoirs in the beginning of XXI century (to the 80 anniversary of professor L.A. Kuderskiy). Proc. GosNIORH, St.-Petersburg-Moscow, 337: 600-609.
Berger V. Ja., Bryazgin V.F. 2007. On the history of the White Sea Biological Station, created by the scientists from Petrozavodsk and Saint-Petersburg. Istorija Peterburga 3(37): 27-31 (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 2007. Production potential of the White Sea. St.Petersburg, Zool. Inst. of RAN: 292 . (In Russian).
Khalaman V.V., Berger V.Ya. 2006. Floating seaweeds and associated fauna in the White Sea. Oceanology 46(6): 827-833. (in Russian).
Shakhmatova E.I., Berger V.Ya., Natochin Yu.V. 2006. Cations in Moliuscan Tissues at Sharply Different Hemolymph Osmolality. Izvestiya RAN, Ser. Biol. 3: 337-344. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 2005. On the minimal start-time of the phenotypic adaptation processes. Dokladi Roc. Akad. Nauk., 400: 710–711. (In Russian).
Bakhmet I.N., Berger V.Ja., Khalaman V.V. 2005. The effect of salinity change on the heart rate of Mytilus edulis specimens from different ecological zones. Journ. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol. 318 (2): 121-126.
Berger V.Ja., Primakov I.M., Usov N.V., Kutcheva I.P.. 2004. Monitoring of pelagic zone in the Chupa Inlet of the White Sea. Multidisciplinary studies of Processes, Characteristics and Resources of Russians Seas of the North-East Basin. Apatity. Kola RC RAS, 1, Chap. 7: 215-222.(In Rusian).
Naumov A.D., Berger V.Ya. 2004. Invasion of the White Sea by different species during the Holocene: natural and anthropogenic components. Alimov A. F., Bogutskaya N. G. (eds.) Biological invasions in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Moskow. KMK Scientific Press Ltd.: 229 237. (In Russian)
Naumov A.D., Berger V.Ya., Galaktionov K.V. 2003. Features of the White Sea ecosystems: the structure and dynamics of the benthic and pelagic communities. Oceanology 43: 134-144.
Berger V., Naumov A., Zubaha M., Usov N., Smolyar I., Tatusko R.,Levitus S. 2003. 36-Year Time Series (1963-1998) of Zooplankton, Temperature and Salinity in the White Sea. S-Peterburg Washington, Silver Springs :362
Berger V.Ja., Naumov A.D. 2002. Biological invasions in the White Sea. Invasive aquatic species of Europe. Distribution, impacts and management. DordrechtBostonLondon, Kluwer Academic Poblishers: 235-239
Galaktionov K.V., Berger V.Ja., Prokofiev V.V. 2002. Comparison of resistance to environmental factors of the molluscs Hydrobia ulvae infected with trematode parthenitae and those free from infection. Parazitologiya, 36: 195-202. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Galaktionov K.V., Naumov. A.D. 2001. Concluding remarks. In: White sea. Ecology and environment. St-Petersburg-Tromso :137-138
Berger V.Ja., Naumov A.D. 2001. Salinity adaptations and bathyimetric distribution of the bivalve mollusks Portlandia arctica and Nuculana pernula in the White Sea. Biologiya Morya, 27, 3: 352–356. (In Russian).
Berger V., Dahle S., Galaktionov K., Kosobokova X., Naumov A., Rat'kova T.,Savinov V.,Savinova T. 2001. White Sea. Ecology and Environment. St-Petersburg-Tromso: 157
Prokofiev V.V., Berger V.Ja., Galaktionov K.V. 2001. Respiration and movement of cercariae of three species from the White Sea intertidal molluscs Littorina littorea L. (Gastropoda). Parasitologiya, 35, 4: 325–332. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 2001. Fishes. White sea. Ecology and environment. St-Petersburg-Tromso. Ch.5 :55-76
Berger V.Ja., Galaktionov K.V., Prokofiev V.V. 2001. Influence of parasites on host adaptations to environmental factors: host-parasite system molluscs-trematoda parthenitae. Parazitologia, 35 (3): 192-199.(In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Gorbushin A.M. 2001. Tolerance and resistance to abiotic factors in the gastropod mollusks Hydrobia ulvae and H. ventrosa from the White Sea. Biologiya Morya, 27, 5: 357–362. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Kosobokova K.N. 2001. Zooplankton. White sea. Ecology and environment. St-Petersburg-Tromso. Ch.3: 31-40
Berger V.Ja., Naumov A.D. 2001. General fiatures. In: White sea. Ecology and environment. St-Petersburg-Tromso. Ch.: 922
Berger V.Ja. 2001. Cultivation and introduction of commercial species. Ecology and environment. St.-Petersburg-Tromso. Ch.9.:113-122
Sokolova I.M., Granovich A.I., Berger V.Ja., Johannesson К. 2000. Intraspecific physiological variability of the gastropod Littorina saxatilis related to the vertical shore gradient in the White and North seas . Marine biology 137: 297-308.
Berger V. Ja., Naumov A.D. 2000. General features of the White Sea. Berichte zur Polarforschung: 29
Sokolova I.M., Berger V.Ja. 2000. Physiological variation related to shell colour polymorphism in White Sea Littorina saxatilis.J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol. 245: 123.
Berger V.Ja., Kharazova A.D. 1997. Mechanisms of salinity adaptations in marine molluscs. Hydrobiologia 7: 112
Berger V.Ja., Khalaman V.V. 1996. Non-reproductive migrations of the polychaete Nereis virens (Sars) in the White Sea. Dokladi Ros. Akad. Nauk, 349, 5: 710–711. (In Russian).
Toivonen N., Lukanin V., Novikova V., Berger V., Bahmet Y., Rasputina M. 1996. Environmental conditions in the White Sea. Akvaplan-Niva Report. Tromso № 782. 95.053: 72.
Berger V. Ja., Naumov A.D. 1996. The effect of salinity on capacity of marine star-fish Asterias rubens to attach to the substrate. Biologiya Morya, 22, 2: 99–101. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. (ed.). 1995. White Sea. Biological resources and the problems of their exploitation. St.Petersburg, Zool.Inst. of RAN. 1, 2: 500. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ya., Naumov A.D., Babkov A.I. 1995. Relation between abundance and diversity of marine benthos and environmental salinity. Biologia morya. 21, 1: 45-50. (In Russian)
Berger V.Ja., Bogdanov D.V., Sergievsky S.O. 1995. The role of shell colour polymorphism in temperature adaptations of the gastropod Littorina saxatilis (olivi). Trudi. Zool. Inst. Ros. Acad. Nauk., 264: 46–60. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Naumov A. D., Sukhotin A.A. 1995. Concluding remarks. Chapter 14. The White Sea. Biological resources and problems of their rational exploitations. Part 2. St. Petersburg: 207-214. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Naumov A.D. 1992. The tales about White Sea. Petrozavodsk: 155 (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Sergievsky S.O. 1990. Evolution of salinity adaptations in marine molluscs. Journ. Evol. Biokh. Fisiol., 26, 4: 462-468. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1989. On the adaptations of mollusks to increased salinity. Biologiya Morya, 2: 30-35. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1987. The evolution of adaptations of marine osmoronformers to environmental salinity changes (on the example of marine mollusks. In: Berger V.Ja., Golikov A.N. (eds). The problems of the adaptation theory. Zool. Inst. Acad. Nauk USSR, Leningrad: 85-105. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja. 1987. The White Sea Biological Station of the Zoological Institute. History and Research from 1949 to 1987. In: Hydrobiological and Ichthyological studies at the White Sea. Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 4-22 (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Naumov A.D. 1987. White Sea Biological Station. Leningrad. “Nauka”: 40 (In Russian)
Berger V.Ja. 1987. Methodological aspects of investigations of adaptive phenomenon. In: Berger V.Ja., Golikov A.N. (eds). The problems of the adaptation theory. Zool. Inst. Acad. Nauk USSR, Leningrad: 13-30. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1986. Adaptations of marine molluscs to environmental salinity changes. Leningrad. “Nauka”: 218. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Sergievsky S.O. 1986. Differences in adaptive responses to changes in salinity between two shell-colour phenothypes of the periwinkle Littorina obtusata (L.). Biologiya Morya, 1: 36-41. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Lukanin V.V. 1985. The adaptive reactions of White Sea blue mussel on environmental salinity changes. In: Lukanin V.V. (ed.). The investigations of the White Sea blue mussel. Zool. Inst. Acad. Nauk USSR. Leningrad: 4–21. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Kulakovsky E.E., Kunin B.L.,Lukanin V.V., Oshurkov V.V. 1985. The ecology and perspectives of cultivation of White Sea blue mussel. In: Lukanin V.V. (ed.). The investigations of the White Sea blue mussel. Zool. Inst. Acad. Nauk USSR. Leningrad: 98-114. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Yaroslavseva L.M. 1984. Comparative analysis of adaptations of mollusks from family Tecturidae to salinity variations. Biol. morya, 3: 56-60. (In Russian).
Sergievsky S.O., Berger V.Ja. 1984. Physiological differences between the major shell colour phenotypes of the periwinkle Littorina obtusata (L.). Biologiya Morya, 2: 36-44. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Lavrova E.A., Natochin Yu.V., Shakhmatova E.I., Yakovleva M.F. 1984. Participations of electrolytes and aminoacids in the adaptation of Mytilus edulis adductor cells to altered salinity. Biol. morya, 5: 68-70. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Zhirmunsky A.V., Natochin Yu.V., Kharazova A.D., Yaroslavtseva L.M. 1984. Mechanisms of adaptation of marine molluscs to changing salinity. Vladivostok, Inst. Biol. Morya DVO AN USSR: 68. (In Russian).
Nechaeva N.V., Fateeva V.I., Berger V.Ja., Kharazova A. D. 1982. The protein synthesis rhytms in the cells of isolated gills of mussels and its alterations with changes in the environmental salinity. Tzitologiya, 24. 1: 104–106. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja., Yaroslavtseva L.M., Yaroslavtsev P.V. 1982. Resistance to freshening and effectiveness of isolating reaction of some mollusks from Sea of Japan. Biol. morya, 2: 24–28. (In Russian).
Kharazova A. D., Berger V. Ja., Fateeva V.I., Nechaeva N.V. 1982. The protein synthesis dynamics in the cells of isolated gills of the White Sea mussel at different environmental salinity. Tzitologiya, 24. 1: 47–51. (In Russian).
Kharazova A. D., Berger V. Ja., Fateeva V.I., Yaroslavtseva L.M., Yaroslavtsev P.V. 1981. Effect of environmental salinity on prothein synthesis dynamics in isolated gills of Crenomytilus grayanus (Duncer). Biol. morya, 6: 56-60. (In Russian).
Natochin Yu.V., Berger V.Ja., Khlebovich V.V., Lavrova E.A., Michailova O.Yu. 1979. The participation of electrolytes in adaptation mechanisms of intertidal molluscs cells to altered salinity. Comp. Biochem. and Physiol. A63: 115-119.
Natochin Yu.V., Berger V.Ja. 1979. Ionic composition of mollusks cells:evolutionary and ecological aspects. Jurn. Evol. Biokh. Fisiol., 15, 3: 295-302. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1979. Morpho-functional bases of euryhalinity of sea mollusks. Zurn. Obsh. Biol., 40, 1: 93–103. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1978. A study of salinity adaptations in Littorina sitchana with special reference to the evolution of the genus Littorina. Zool. Jurn., 57, 12: 1786 – 1789. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Khlebovich V.V., Kovaleva N.M., Natochin Yu.V. 1978. The changes of ionic composition and cell volume during adaptation of molluscs (Littorina) to lowered salinity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 60A: 447-452
Berger V.Ja., Khlebovich V.V. 1977. On absolute and relative criteria of the resistance to abiotic environmental factors. Zurn. Obsch. Biol., 38, 6: 836–840. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Kharazova A.D. 1977. The influence of low salinity on RNA passage from nuclei to the cytoplasm of ctenidial cells of the snail Littorina littorea. Tzitologiya, 19, 2: 233-235. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja.. 1976. Effects of some physiologically active substances on the adaptive reactions of isolated mussel gill cells under the changes of environmental salinity. Tzitologiya, 18, 8: 981-984. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja. 1976. The season changes of sensitivity of the White Sea snail Littorina obtusata (L.) to salinity changes. In: V. Ja. Berger, V. V. Khlebovich (eds.) Salinity adaptations of aquatic organisms. Zool. Inst. Acad. Nauk USSR. Leningrad: 155 – 159. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1976. Comparison of reactions to salinity changes of Littorina from White and Barents seas and discussion of the question about criterion of physiological races. In: V. Ja. Berger, V.V. Khlebovich (eds.) Salinity adaptations of aquatic organisms. Zool. Inst. Acad. Nauk USSR. Leningrad: 112-123. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Chernishova N.M. 1975. Comparative investigation of reactions of Barents Sea and White Sea Littorina to environmental salinity changes. Ecologiya, 5: 49–53. (In Russian).
Khlebovich V.V., Berger V. Ja. 1975. Some aspects in studies of phenotypic adaptations. Zurn. Obsch. Biol., 36, 1: 11–25. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja. 1975. The changes of euryhalinity in ontogenesis and adaptations connected with reproduction of the White Sea mollusks Littorina saxatilis. Biol. morya, 1: 43-50. (in Russian).
Berger V. Ja., Pakhomov A.N., Mukhlenov A.G. 1975. Study of isozyme composition of esterases and lactatedehydrogenase during adaptation of Littorina littorea (L.) to changes in water salinity. Zurn. Obsch. Biol., 36, 4: 579–584. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja., Kondratenkov A.P. 1974. The effect of infection of Hydrobia ulvae with larvae of trematodes and its resistance to drying and water-freshening. Parazitologiya, 8, 6: 563-564. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja., Kovaleva N.M. 1974. A study of adaptations in the genus Littorina of the sea of Japan to changes in salinity with the respect to the evolution of the genus. Zool. zurn. , 53, 10: 1459–1465. (In Russian).
Berger V. Ja., Kharazova A.D. 1971. The investigation of substuntional changes and of protein synthesis during the adaptation to lowered salinity of the environment in some White Sea snails. Tzitologiya, 13, 10: 1299–1303. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Lukanin V.V., Lapshin V.V. 1970. The respiration of some White Sea intertidal mollusks during acclimation to environmental salinity changes. Ecologiya, 5: 69–72. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1970. The effect of marine water of different salinity on Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroger) – ectoparasite of salmon. Parazitologiya, 4, 2: 136-138. (In Russian)
Berger V.Ja. 1970. Common lose of salts in distillated water and euryhalinity of some White Sea organisms. Gidrobiol. zurn., 6, 3: 67–72. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Lukanin V.V., Khlebovich V.V. 1970. The effect of actinomicine D on salinity acclimation in larvae of the jelly-fish Aurelia aurita and the mollusk Epheria vincta. Zurn. Evol. Bioch. Phisiol., 6: 636–638. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja., Lebsky V.K. 1969. The changes of salinity resistance in ontogenesis of polychaeta Eulalia viridis (L.). Dokladi Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 186, 6: 1427-1428. (In Russian).
Berger V.Ja. 1969. The comparison of salinity resistance of the White Sea mollusk Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) and parasitizing larvae of trematodes in it. Parazitologiya, 3, 2: 158–163. (In Russian).
Khlebovich V.V., Berger . V.Ja. 1965. The experience of electrokonductometric investigation of water-salt balance in some hydrobionts. Gidrobiol. zurn., 5: 57–61. (In Russian).